James–Lange theory n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...–Lange theory n . The proposition that emotions are caused by bodily sensations. It was first propounded by the US psychologist William James ( 1842–1910 ) in the journal Mind in 1884 and most famously expounded in his Principles of Psychology ( 1890 ): ‘Our natural way of thinking…is that the mental perception of some fact excites the mental affection called the emotion, and that this latter state of mind gives rise to the bodily expression. My thesis, on the contrary, is that the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting...
James-Lange theory of emotion Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
...-Lange theory of emotion The theory first published by James in Mind in 1884 and by the Dutch psychologist C. G. Lange ( 1834–1900 ) in 1885 that, rather than causing bodily and visceral responses, an emotion is itself a perception of these specific...
James–Lange theory of the emotions Reference library
T. L. S. Sprigge
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
...–Lange theory of the emotions . Independently advanced by Carl G. Lange in 1885 and by William James in 1884 , it holds that an emotion is the experience of an appropriate physical response to external stimuli. Sadness and anger don't make us cry and strike, rather they are the feeling of doing so. Typical of a note of ‘phenomeno-logical materialism’ in James, like his substitution of the ‘I breathe’, as the accompaniment of all consciousness, for the ‘I think’. Prof. T. L. S....
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory
Carl Georg Lange
cognitive-appraisal theory
William James
emotion
Lange, Carl Georg Reference library
O. L. Zangwill
The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)
..., Carl Georg ( 1834–1900 ). Danish psychologist and materialist philosopher working in Copenhagen. Independently of William James , he arrived at an almost identical theory of emotion , i.e. that emotion consists of the bodily changes evoked by the perception of external circumstances. Lange, however, placed far greater stress on the role of the cerebrovascular system in the genesis of emotion than did James. None the less, their views are so similar that the theory has always been known as the James–Lange theory of emotion. Lange's principal work first...
emotion n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... n. Any short-term evaluative, affective, intentional, psychological state, including happiness, sadness, disgust, and other inner feelings. See also affect , Cannon–Bard theory , cognitive-appraisal theory , iaps , James–Lange theory , mirror neuron , personal construct theory , primary emotions . Compare mood . emotional adj . [From Latin e - away + movere, motum to move + - ion indicating an action, process, or...
Cannon–Bard theory n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...theory n. The proposition that the quality of an emotion is determined by the pattern of stimulation sent from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex , and that the bodily expression of emotion is governed by signals from the thalamus to muscles and glands. Also called Cannon’s theory or the Bard–Cannon theory . Compare James–Lange theory . [Named after the US physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon ( 1871–1945 ) and the US psychologist Philip Bard ( 1898–1977 ) who were the first to suggest it in the...
cognitive‐appraisal theory n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...theory n. A theory of emotions according to which arousal provides the basis for any emotion, but the quality of the emotion is provided by the person’s interpretation of its cause, the specific emotion that is felt depending on the person’s interpretation and explanation of the felt arousal. The theory, proposed in 1964 by the US psychologist Stanley Schachter ( 1922–97 ), is a type of attribution theory based on the James–Lange theory but taking into account the main criticism of it—that different emotions tend to share the...
facial feedback hypothesis n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...according to which expressing an emotion outwardly strengthens the emotional experience and suppressing the outward expression reduces the emotional experience; whereas the US psychologist William James ( 1842–1910 ) proposed a strong version, believing that bodily expressions actually cause emotions, as postulated in the James–Lange theory . More recent research has shown that both electrical stimulation of facial muscles to induce expressions artificially and temporary paralysis of facial muscles with Botox injections affect experienced...
emotion Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
... James published what became known as the James-Lange theory of emotion whose main contention is that we feel as we do in virtue of the bodily expressions and behaviour that we are prompted towards, rather than the other way round: ‘our feeling of the changes as they occur is the emotion’. Again it is not clear how such a theory would accommodate the directed, cognitive side of emotions that have a specific object, rather than being simply the experience of bodily change. Directly opposing this some philosophers have put forward a purely cognitive theory...
paralysis Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)
...learning in infancy) and emotion (which may largely be sensations of bodily changes, for example to perceived danger) can remain normal with extensive paralysis. William James described the case of a woman paralysed almost from the neck down following a hunting accident, who yet experienced emotions when visited by her family. This has been used as evidence against the James–Lange theory of emotion, which is essentially that emotions are visceral sensations, and should therefore cease with sufficiently general paralysis. It was the observation, in classical...
Cannon, Walter Bradford Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)
...as related to bodily changes, and this resulted in the important book Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage ( 1919 ; 2nd edn. 1929 ), and in the work that remains a classic, The Wisdom of the Body ( 1932 ). For further details, including his critique of the James–Lange theory of emotion, see emotion . Cannon developed the concept of homeostasis , which in modern terminology is the feedback control of servo-systems. This concept was not mathematically expressed until the work of Norbert Wiener in the 1940s, when it became the basis of ...
emotion Reference library
Morten L. Kringelbach
The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)
...James and Carl Lange independently proposed the idea that, rather than emotional experience being a response to a stimulus, it is the perception of the ensuing physiological bodily changes. The James–Lange theory suggests that we do not run from the bear because we are afraid but that we become afraid because we run. Walter Cannon ( 1929 ) offered a detailed critique of the James–Lange theory showing that surgical disruption of the peripheral nervous system in dogs did not eliminate emotional responses as would have been predicted by the theory....
Cixous, Hélène (1937–) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (2 ed.)
... agrégation in English in 1959 and her doctorat ès lettres in English literature in 1968. That same year, she published her dissertation L’Exil de James Joyce ou l’Art du remplacement ( The Exile of James Joyce, or the Art of Displacement ). During the mid- to late 1960s, she taught at the University of Bordeaux and the Sorbonne. Her writing was influenced by Jacques Derrida and his deconstruction theories, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, and Arthur Rimbaud. In 1969, she published her first novel, a semiautobiographical work entitled Dedans ( Inside ),...
James, William Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Literature (6 ed.)
...although somewhat superseded by later investigations, which it helped to inspire. Among the chapters previously published in periodicals is What Is an Emotion? ( Mind, 1884 ), first stating the so-called James-Lange theory, which suggests that emotions do not cause behavior, but are, rather, collateral results of the same bodily reactions. James's many trips to Europe and close association with leading continental psychologists and philosophers influenced his entry into the wider realm of philosophic problems. During the '80s and '90s, he was also active...
