International Fund for Agricultural Development Quick reference
A Dictionary of Geography (6 ed.)
... Fund for Agricultural Development ( IFAD ) A UN agency for ending rural poverty in developing countries. https://www.ifad.org/en/ The IFAD...
International Fund for Agricultural Development Quick reference
A Dictionary of Business and Management (6 ed.)
... Fund for Agricultural Development ( IFAD ) A fund, proposed by the 1974 World Food Conference, that began operations in 1977 with the purpose of providing additional funds for agricultural and rural development in developing countries. It currently has 168 member states. The headquarters of the IFAD are in...
International Fund for Agricultural Development Quick reference
A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (6 ed.)
... Fund for Agricultural Development ( IFAD ) A fund, proposed by the 1974 World Food Conference, that began operations in 1977 with the purpose of providing additional funds for agricultural and rural development in developing countries. It currently has 176 member states. The headquarters of the IFAD are in...
International Fund for Agricultural Development Reference library
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (3 ed.)
... Fund for Agricultural Development The objective of the Fund, set up as a Specialized Agency by the Agreement of 10 June 1976 ( 1059 U.N.T.S. 19 ), is to mobilize additional resources to be made available on concessionary terms for agricultural development in developing Member States (art. 2), membership being open to any State member of the U.N. System (art. 3). Entry into force was made dependent on the deposit of initial contributions of at least $750 million (art. 7); and IFAD's activities are funded by contributions (periodically replenished)...
International Fund for Agricultural Development
47 The History of the Book in Canada Reference library
Patricia Lockhart Fleming
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...addition to funding for media and the arts, they recommended scholarships and aid to universities, and chided the government about the absence of a national library. A key recommendation was the establishment of an arts funding board, the *Canada Council , created in 1957 . Together with the *Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada ( 1978 ), it continues to play a central role in support of authors and publishers. The National Library, now *Library and Archives Canada , was established in 1953 but waited until 1967 for a new...
37 The History of the Book in Sub-Saharan Africa Reference library
Andrew Vlies
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...book development conference in Accra, the first of several such regional initiatives. The International Conference on Publishing and Book Development in Africa was convened at Nigeria’s University of Ife in 1973 ; 1975 saw the establishment of the now-defunct UNESCO co-sponsored Regional Book Promotion Centre for Africa in Yaoundé, as well as the first issue of the influential * African Book Publishing Record . The *Noma Award for Publishing in Africa was established in 1979 , the first award going to the Senegalese author Mariama Bâ, for Une si...
Kinship and Kingship: The Early Monarchy Reference library
Carol Meyers
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...associated with the Davidic dynasty. Accounting for the origins of such a phenomenon requires us to consider the processes at work in state formation. We must identify the increasingly complex organizational structures that mark the development of a territorial state; and we must situate the emerging Israelite state within those trajectories of social, political, and economic development that across many different cultures constitute recognizable features of early, agriculturally based nation-states. Yet addressing these crucial...
35 The Slavonic Book in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus Reference library
Christine Thomas
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...and, to a lesser extent, of original works in Russian. These developments were given impetus by the initiatives of Catherine the Great (r. 1762–96 ). International science in 18 th -century Russia: the Scottish scientist Matthew Guthrie, living in St Petersburg, publishes his account of the freezing point of mercury. The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (G. Pamph. 1821(5) She supported the founding of the Society for the Publication of Foreign Books ( 1768–83 ), which was responsible for the publication of 112 separate translations (including...
1 & 2 Kings Reference library
Walter Dietrich, Walter Dietrich, and Walter Dietrich
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...were referred to in the concluding formula of almost every king. The historical information for the framing formula is taken from these books. These Annals seem to have been kept in both royal courts (by the end, naturally, only in Judah), and contained the names and dates of each king as well as short reports of important events occurring during the time of his reign. The authors of Kings chose sections of the Annals which seemed to them to be of especial importance. Such reports remained partly in the concluding formulae of a frame, were also placed into the...
46 The History of the Book in Latin America (including Incas, Aztecs, and the Caribbean) Reference library
Eugenia Roldán Vera
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...Spanish empire in 1767 ; but these institutions’ existence was interrupted throughout the century. However, political instability and economic grievances, as well as the high price of imported paper, hampered the development of profitable and long-lasting publishing industries, and only the so-called ‘state presses’, funded directly by governments for the publication of official periodicals, were able to survive continuously. Imported books, mainly Spanish editions printed in France or England, largely dominated the newly opened reading markets. These books...
Visions of Kingdoms: From Pompey to the First Jewish Revolt Reference library
Amy-Jill Levine
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...in Samaria and east of the Jordan. Herod rebuilt Samaria, which he renamed Sebaste (from the Greek word for Augustus), and he erected there a temple to the emperor. He also built a port city, which he named Caesarea in the emperor's honor. Other projects included creating an elaborate winter palace in Jericho, reinforcing the former Hasmonean complex on Masada, and opening several areas for agricultural cultivation. To fund such enterprises as well as his extensive building in Jerusalem, Herod adapted the Hasmonean taxation system. Much of the...
1 Maccabees Reference library
U. Rappaport and U. Rappaport
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...for Judas's acts. The First Years of Jonathan ( 9:23–10:17 ) ( 9:23–7 ) The extremely sombre situation is a suitable background for the difficult and slow reorganization of the revolt under Jonathan. v. 23 , ‘renegades … wrongdoers’, all opposition to the Hasmoneans is encompassed in one package, without differentiating the various groups which composed it. v. 24 , ‘famine’ might be connected with the sabbatical year that preceded ( see 6:49, 53 ) and with the continuous war. As Bacchides now ruled the country he could have control of the agricultural...
Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period Reference library
Mary Joan Winn Leith
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...inland areas such as the mountainous region of Judah, parts of Samaria, and perhaps Transjordan, whose economic life was based on grazing and agriculture, avoided heavy Phoenicianizing and consequent hellenization far longer than areas on the coastal plain or along trade routes, where industry and commerce flourished in the international common market of the Persian period. At the beginning and for much of the Persian period, Judah was poorer, less populous, and more isolated than the surrounding territories. Besides Jerusalem, other Judean sites,...
Genesis Reference library
R. N. Whybray and R. N. Whybray
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...words. What is being conveyed is how the authors or collectors of the stories imagined that it might all have begun. However, as we shall see, these stories were intended to convey a much more profound meaning than that. Many peoples have at an early stage of their development possessed a fund of stories about the origin of the world and the earliest history of the human race; and many of the stories in Gen 1–11 have a family likeness to origin-stories current in the Near-Eastern milieu to which ancient Israel belonged (cf. ANET 3–155). These Israelite...
