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Did you mean health, famine, and disease, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, developmental origins of health and disease ... health, famine, and disease, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, developmental origins of health and disease, International Organization and Health/Disease, International Statistical Classification Of Diseases And Related Health Problems, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Contagious Disease and Public Health in the American City Show More Show Less
Health and Disease Reference library
Sheldon Watts, Simonne Horwitz, Kylie Thomas, Diego Armus, Steven Palmer, John J. Paul, and Laurence Monnais
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
... and Disease [ This entry includes five subentries, an overview and discussions of health and disease in Africa, in Latin America, in South Asia, and in Southeast Asia . See also Body, The ; Disability ; Doctors without Borders ; Drugs and Narcotics: The Science of Drugs ; Epidemics ; Germ Theory ; Handicaps ; Hospitals ; Medicine ; Mental Health and Mental Illness ; Physical Fitness ; Tobacco ; and World Health Organization ; and individual articles on the following diseases and conditions : AIDS and HIV ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Bird Flu ;...
Health and Disease Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment
...more goods, more enjoyment, and more comforts for the many (Porter and Roberts, 1996, 1–35). “Enlightenment thinkers looked to science for their model” and in following that beacon came to believe that the environment could be mastered, life lengthened, health obtained, and pain and suffering measurably diminished if not eliminated altogether (Porter, 1997, 302). Definitions of Health and Disease Medical historians over the past thirty years have stressed the plasticity of concepts of health, disease, and illness. Health is an elusive category. The broad...
Health and Disease Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
...occupations, like farming and fishing, brought risk of injury, and some, like metalworking and mining, brought exposure to toxins. Life expectancy varied regionally but probably averaged twenty to thirty years at birth and thirty to forty years at one year, with 5 percent reaching age sixty. The Origins of Medicine. Serious health problems accompanied animal domestication, agriculture, and the establishment of denser and more settled communities. Domesticated animals introduced parasites and diseases. Malaria increased as tilling and irrigation created breeding...
health, famine, and disease Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
...but by the 1830s cholera and typhoid were much more problematic. Concurrent endemic diseases such as measles, whooping cough, and scarlet fever also had lethal consequences. The two major trends which characterize the whole period are the changes in the prevalence and nature of endemic and epidemic disease, and the increasing influence of government and public health legislation. Concern was focused increasingly on the containment and prevention of cholera and typhus, and also on improving sanitation and housing conditions. However, one problem which had to be...
developmental origins of health and disease Quick reference
A Dictionary of Public Health (2 ed.)
...dependent diabetes in middle age. Health during childhood is also influenced by in utero and neonatal exposures, and growth during infancy and early childhood is also linked to later disease; therefore, DOHD and “developmental origins hypothesis” are preferred to “fetal origins hypothesis.” Evidence from human and animal studies suggests that early life programming contributes to cause other diseases, including cancer, chronic lung and kidney disease, osteoporosis, and mental illness. The hypothesis is evolving to include evidence that exposure to...
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Origins of Health and Disease (DOHD) Originally, the hypothesis that cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes originate through developmental Plasticity in response to undernutrition. A hypothesis proposed in 1990 by the epidemiologist David Barker ( 1938-2013 ) that undernutrition and other insults during critical periods of fetal development not only reduce birth weight, but also have permanent effects on (or “program”) the structure and metabolism of body tissues and systems, and cause hypertension, coronary heart disease, and non–insulin...
International Organization and Health/Disease Reference library
Kelley Lee
The International Studies Encyclopedia
...health systems, risk factors, and chronic diseases, as well as a global health atlas. Descriptions of the governance of WHO are also provided. Global Health Council. At www.globalhealth.org/ , accessed Mar. 30, 2009. The world’s largest membership alliance dedicated to saving lives by improving health throughout the world. Provides up-to-date news and events on global health, and topic-based information on women’s health, child health, HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases and emerging issues. Global Health. At www.cabi.org/datapage.asp?iDocID=169 ,...
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Quick reference
A Dictionary of Public Health (2 ed.)
...Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion ( ODPHP ) The division of the US Office of Public Health and Science that has sponsored programs and initiatives in collaboration with professional academies and colleges in the health-related specialties, such as the work of the US Preventive Services Task Force on screening and early detection protocols. This office also developed the 10-year health goals for the United States defined and discussed in Healthy People 2000, Healthy People 2010, Healthy People 2020, etc. See https://health.gov . See...
Contagious Disease and Public Health in the American City Reference library
Daniel Wilson
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Urban History
...Contagious Disease and Public Health in the American City Contagious Disease and Public Health in the American City From the first appearance of cities, contagious diseases posed a serious challenge to public health. Most of the early cities in European colonies were seaports and centers of trade and commerce. Ships brought people and cargo as well as contagious diseases including smallpox, yellow fever, and cholera. City health authorities responded in different ways as the cities grew, as medical understanding of contagious disease improved, and as medical...
Health and Disease
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Medicine Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...its analysis of unconscious processes and the complicated interworkings of self, psyche, and soma. Certain developments in medical theory and in fringe *medicine supported the Romantic collapsing of traditional mind–body dualisms, of the traditional Cartesian distinction between object and subject, and furthered the emphasis on a unitary self. Developing in Scotland from the 1750s, medical theories associated with Robert Whytt ( 1714–66 ), William Cullen ( 1710–90 ), and their followers saw health and disease as a function of the nerves. The nervous...
Bio-ethics Reference library
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...Islamic legal principles and so long as they do not violate these principles they should be permitted. Genetic science and all its ramifications are, like any other field of knowledge, encouraged and supported by Islam, and Muslim scientists should be at the forefront of research and inquiry in this field. 3. Islam recommends the safe-guarding of human health, as stated in the Quran (al- Baqarah 2:195 ), and the avoidance of harm. Furthermore, treatment is specifically urged by Islam for hereditary as well as acquired diseases and ailments. This in no way...
Domesticity Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...science and of social sciences such as *political economy [33] and *statistics . Corporeal health was used by the middle classes to define themselves against the effete and interbred aristocracy, on the one hand, and the biologically impoverished poorer classes, vitiated by disease and uncleanliness, on the other. Although the extended family was often an economic necessity for urban and rural labouring-class people, middle-class reformers used it to stigmatize urban labouring-class families. In James Phillips Kay's (later Kay-Shuttleworth) Moral and...
Join the Caravan Reference library
Al-Azzam Abdullah
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...blame (i.e. sin) on those with chronic diseases, who are incapable of travelling and fighting, nor on the ill, nor on those who do not find anything to spend to take them to jihad.” Ibn Taymiyyah said, “The commands, retributions, expiations and so on of the Islamic law are intended to be implemented according to capability.” Adding to the Texts of Scholars already mentioned 1. Those with valid excuses are absolved of the sin of sitting back from jihad. Those validly excused include: a) somebody with a wife and children who do not have income from...
Scottish Local and Family History Quick reference
David moody
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...stage by Rosalind Mitchison and T. C. Smout ; the most recent synthesis is the three‐volume People and Society in Scotland: A Social History of Modern Scotland ( 1988 , 1990 , 1992 ). There are now many specialist branches: social welfare and Poor Law ( Ian Levitt , Rosalind Mitchison , R. A. Cage ), housing conditions ( John Butt , Enid Gauldie ), public health (Jacqueline Jenkinson ), sport ( G. Jarvie ), holidays ( Alastair Durie ), and domestic interiors ( Ian Gow ). Illness (especially mental illness) and disease have recently received a lot of...
Local Government Quick reference
R. W. Hoyle
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...in creating the infrastructure and utilities which we take for granted was no longer seen as appropriate for the public sector and was progressively placed in the hands of private corporations. The history of local government in its heroic days of urban poverty, destitution, and disease in industrializing society is now well described in the literature. The less heroic history of the provision of elementary amenities by 20th‐century councils—the revolution in living standards wrought by the provision of mains water and sewerage and the spread of the tarmacadamed...
Industrialization Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...of factors. At present it is not clear to what extent the lowering of death rates through improved health was the result of an autonomous decline in the virulence of disease or of increased resistance of human hosts to infection as a result of better food supplies and improved environmental conditions. It may well have been a combination of the two. But these were not effects confined solely to England and Wales or even to continental Europe, and showed few signs of having been primarily associated with Britain's role as the first industrial nation....
Transitions and Trajectories: Jews and Christians in the Roman Empire Reference library
Barbara Geller
Oxford History of the Biblical World
... The strength and early successes of the rebels alarmed the Roman government. Hadrian went so far as to summon, from the opposite end of the empire, one of his top generals, Julius Severus, then serving as governor of Britain. And Hadrian himself, writing from the front, failed to greet the Roman senate with the customary opening, “If you and your children are in health, it is well; I and the legions are in health”—another indication of the severity of the situation. According to the historian Dio Cassius, Hadrian's lapse was due to the...
Compatibility: Neither Required nor an Issue Reference library
Ullah Jan Abid
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...Doctors say depression is as disabling as end stage heart disease. 6 They believe it is particularly important to treat children and adolescents for depression—because their brains “learn to be depressed like they learn to ride a bicycle.” At the top level, the unjust and hypocritical foreign policy of the US government is just another reflection of the rot at the core. The increasing stress on making secularism part and parcel of democracy makes it incompatible with Islam, which demands living and judgment according to the revealed standards. Of course,...
