Hays Code Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Modern Phrase & Fable (2 ed.)
... Code . The informal name given to the Production Code issued in 1930 by the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, Inc. (later the Motion Picture Association of America), known as the Hays Office after its president (since 1921 ), Will H. Hays ( 1879–1954 ). The Hays Code (actually drawn up by Martin Quigley , a Catholic publisher, and Daniel Lord , a Jesuit) provided strict guidelines to the movie studios regarding the depiction of sexual, social and criminal behaviour. For example, obscenity and complete nudity were forbidden, no...
Hays Code
Women Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...time by Mary Hays and, after Wollstonecraft's death, by Frances Burney . But their work simply helps to show how difficult an issue it was. Mary Hays's novel Memoirs of Emma Courtney ( 1796 ), which centres on a woman's unrequited love, helps perhaps to explain why Wollstonecraft herself did not address this question. For while revealing the sufferings women faced through being expected to respond only to male desire, never daring to speak their own, it serves also to emphasize women's enslavement to their own sensibility and emotions. Hays's quivering...
Policing Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...the formal institutional support of a regular police. The theory maintained that they should rule by personal example and conduct. But they supplemented this with a selective invocation of the ‘bloody code’—the savage eighteenth-century criminal law with its more than 200 capital offences—to punish those who stepped badly out of line. The historian Douglas Hay has described this system as a ‘calculated blend of terror and mercy under the strict rule of law’. Despite the absence of a professional police, the gentry made this system work successfully, and kept...
Romans Reference library
Craig C. Hill and Craig C. Hill
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...In the face of his impending trip to Jerusalem, the problem must have appeared acute. Has God failed? And is not Paul, who calls Gentiles ‘children of Abraham’ ( 4:16 ) and who says that ‘Christ is the end of the law’ ( 10:4 ), the enemy of Israel? Is Paul's a righteous gospel? Hays ( 1989 : 35 ) has noted with insight that Romans is ‘an intertextual conversation between Paul and the voice of Scripture’ in which the apostle ‘labors to win the blessing of Moses and the prophets’. Gentile biblical scholarship has tended to de-Judaize Paul, there by trivializing...
Sensibility Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...over herself.’ Here we have an implementation of the code, usually termed ‘delicacy’, that was required to offset sensibility's dangers. Delicacy implied that, somehow, inhibition inhered in the female nervous system, a gendered expression of the ‘moral sense’. Elizabeth Griffith ( 1727–93 ) said in The Delicate Distress ( 1769 ) that ‘there is everything to be expected from sensibility and delicacy joined; but indeed, I have scarce ever known them separated, in a female heart.’ The code of delicacy mediated a complex power struggle, exacerbated by...
The Twentieth Century Quick reference
Brian M. Short
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...livestock, and labour‐input details are thus discernible. These were completed, as usual, by the farmers themselves. Third came the Supplementary 4th June Return: Small Fruit, giving details on small‐fruit types, vegetables, flowers, crops being grown under glass, and stocks of hay and straw. Fourth, another Supplementary 4th June Return was prepared, this time giving more details on labour (regular and part‐time, casual, etc.); on the motive power on the holding (tractors and stationary engines, with engine manufacturers’ type and horsepower); rent (amount...
1 Corinthians Reference library
John Barclay and John Barclay
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...from the Scriptures ( 10:1–13 ). He finds no difficulty in using scriptural narratives to illustrate God's dealings with the church, since he regards the Israelites in the desert as ‘our ancestors’ ( 10:1 ) even though the church he is writing to is mostly Gentile ( see further Hays 1989 ). Paul recounts the story of Israel's disobedience in the wilderness because it illustrates precisely what he wants to warn the Corinthians about: that even those chosen by God can go badly astray; and if they do, whatever their privileges, they are liable to destruction....
Genesis Reference library
R. N. Whybray and R. N. Whybray
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...The final clause of 3:19 , probably a common saying, adds point to the first half of that verse, which refers back to 2:7 . The derivation of the name Eve ( ḥawwâ , 3:20 ) which occurs in the OT only here and in 4:1 , is unknown. There is a play on words here: ḥawwâ echoes ḥay, ‘living (person)’. This verse seems to have no connection with the previous verses, though it is separated from the notice of Eve's becoming a mother ( 4:1 ) by only a few verses. The somewhat ludicrous picture in 3:21 of God's acting as seamstress for the man and his wife is...
Code
symbolic erasure
visibility
metacommentary
Production Code Quick reference
A Dictionary of Film Studies (2 ed.)
...Code ( Hays Code, Breen Code ) A self-regulatory censorship code created in 1930 (and applied strictly from 1 July 1934 ) that heavily determined the finished form of Hollywood films until the late 1950s ( see studio system ). In the early part of the 20th century US cinema was regulated ad hoc through state legislation and city laws. As a consequence of the rise of the nickelodeon and the increasing popularity of cinema, as well as a tendency for some producers and exhibitors to screen controversial and salacious content, the film...
symbolic erasure Quick reference
A Dictionary of Media and Communication (3 ed.)
... ( symbolic annihilation , invisibility ) The under-representation of members of a particular social group within a medium , genre , or text (or in particular social roles or contexts within these). For instance, the invisibility of homosexuality onscreen under the Hays Code until the 1960s. The term symbolic annihilation is particularly associated with Gerbner and Tuchman. See also gender bias ; male norm ; visibility ; symbolic violence . ...
Code, The Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Literature (6 ed.)
..., The , blank-verse dramatic narrative by Robert Frost , published in North of Boston ( 1914 ). An experienced farmhand tells a “town-bred farmer” of the pride his fellows take in their competence, and the resulting code: The hand that knows his business won't be told To do work better or faster—those two things. For illustration he describes an incident that took place when he worked for a certain Sanders, of Salem, a prodigious worker himself. They were engaged in unloading a wagon of hay, and Sanders made the mistake, while standing below to pile the...
Jacobi, Derek Reference library
Melissa Dana Gibson
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance
... Hay Fever ( 1964 ), Peter Shaffer 's Black Comedy ( 1966 ) and Clifford Williams 's all-male production of As You Like It ( 1967 ). In 1972 Jacobi joined the Prospect Theatre Company , notably playing the leads in The Lady's Not for Burning ( 1978 ) and Hamlet ( 1977 ), which toured internationally. From 1982 to 1985 , he worked with the Royal Shakespeare Company , playing Peer Gynt, Prospero, Benedick, and Cyrano, for which he won an Olivier award . In 1986 he originated the role of Alan Turing in Hugh Whitemore's Breaking the Code ....
Jacobi, Derek Reference library
The Companion to Theatre and Performance
...'s Hay Fever ( 1964 ), *Shaffer 's Black Comedy ( 1966 ), and Clifford *Williams 's all-male production of As You Like It ( 1967 ). In 1972 Jacobi joined the Prospect Theatre Company, playing the leads in The Lady's Not for Burning ( 1978 ) and Hamlet ( 1977 ), which *toured internationally. From 1982 to 1985 , he worked with the *Royal Shakespeare Company , playing Peer Gynt, Prospero, Benedick, and Cyrano, for which he won an Olivier award. In 1986 he originated the role of Alan Turing in Hugh Whitemore's Breaking the Code . Jacobi...
metacommentary Quick reference
A Dictionary of Critical Theory (2 ed.)
...process of censorship, which Jameson suggests can be accomplished by means of a reconstruction of its original context. What must be explained, then, is why a particular text had to be distorted in that way. A simple, literal example of this is the much discussed effects of the Hays Code on Hollywood: for instance, since the act of sex could not be depicted explicitly, visual metaphors for it had to be found, hence the famous smoking in bed scene following the first kiss which became a universal symbol of sex. In his later works, Jameson tends to use the term ...
Tex-Mex Quick reference
The Oxford Companion to the English Language (2 ed.)
...piquant sauce), and tacos , prepared in the Northern Mexican style. In language, the term refers to any of several varieties of spanish (also sometimes referred to as Border Lingo ) that may or may not show English influence, including code-mixing with English by Spanish-speakers: Husband . ¿Que necesitamos? Wife . Hay que comprar pan, con thin slices. [to sales clerk] ¿Donde está el thin-sliced bread? Clerk . Está en aisle three, sobre el second shelf, en el wrapper rojo. Wife . No lo encuentro. Clerk . Tal vez out of it (from Lorraine Goldman,...
