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ḥadīth Quick reference
A Dictionary of Arabic Literary Terms and Devices
... A report about the sayings, actions, and/or behaviour of the Prophet Muhammad. (The extensive corpus of such reports is known as ‘the Ḥadīth’.) Each ḥadīth is introduced by a chain of transmitters or isnād , and the authenticity of a report is measured against the reputations of the individuals listed in the isnād . In Sunni Islam, ḥadīth which are deemed sound ( ṣaḥīḥ ) collectively form one of the foundations of Islamic law. Some of the lengthier ḥadīth , such as the so-called Ḥadīth al-Ifk (‘the Account of the Lie’) narrated by ˁĀˀisha bint...
hadith Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
... Reports of the words and deeds of the Prophet *Muhammad , consisting of a text preceded by a chain of authorities who transmitted the text to later generations. Held to embody the exemplary behaviour of the Prophet, hadith constitutes Islam’s second scripture and an important source of Islamic law. Six major collections of hadith compiled in the 9th century and arranged according to legal topic for easy reference are recognized as canonical by *Sunni Muslims . Both Muslim and western scholars have argued that many hadith reports are inauthentic. ...
hadith Reference library
Harith Bin Ramli
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
...or explain away hadiths (mainly of an anthropomorphic nature) that did not fit with their theological positions. Without rejecting the hadith corpus in its entirety, many Mu‘tazilites were critical of some of the key principles within the methodology of hadith studies such as the idea of the widely transmitted ( mutawatir ) hadith, or questioned the probity of hadith transmitters who did not share their theological views. The collection of hadith was also pursued by Shi‘i scholarship, although such scholarship only seriously considered hadiths that were...
Hadith Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
... (Arabic, ‘saying’, ‘tradition’) A 10th-century compilation by the Muslim jurists Moshin and Bokhari of the traditional sayings and doings of mohammed . It forms a supplement to the koran , as the talmud does to the Jewish scriptures. Originally the Hadith was not allowed to be committed to writing, but this became necessary later for its...
Hadith Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
... Sayings and acts attributed to the Prophet Muhammad , second only to the Koran as a source of authority in Islam . Hadith formalizes the sunna (right behaviour) of Muslims. It consists of the text and the chain of transmitters ( isnad ) that authenticate the traditions as arising from the Prophet. Of the six collections accepted as canonical by Sunnis, the most important texts are those of al-Bukhari ( 810–70 ) and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj ( 817–75 ). Shi'a Muslims recognize five Hadith collections based upon the authority of the Caliph Ali . The Hadith...
Ḥadīth Reference library
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
... (Arab., ‘narrative’). Muslim tradition—accounts of the ‘words, deeds or silent approval' of Muḥammad during the period of his preaching, but especially after the beginning of the Qurʾān revelations. Although the plural is ahādith , Hadith is used in English as a collective for ‘traditions’, as well as the word for a single tradition. A ḥadīth—a single item of tradition—consists of two parts: matn (‘text’) and isnād or sanad (‘chain of authorities’). An elaborate science of ḥadīth criticism grew up, mainly to ensure the authenticity of any given...
Hadith Reference library
The Islamic World: Past and Present
...have refrained from attacking the hadith themselves but have simply urged Muslims to be more thoughtful in their acceptance of material attributed to the Prophet. Since the 1990s, hadith scholars have been using computer technology to improve access to the vast amount of material in hadith collections. Specialists have created CD-ROMs that contain some 75,000 hadith, as well as their translations into ten languages. See also Ablution ; Hajj ; Law ; Muhammad ; Prayer ; Qur'an . 600,000 Traditions Collecting hadith became one of the most respected...
Ḥadīth Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
...on ḥadīth science, the author breaks new ground by showing the importance of early written collections of hadīth . Ali, Kecia . Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflection on Qurʿan, Hadith and Jurisprudence . Oxford, 2006. Ali, Muhammad Mustafa . Studies in Ḥadīth Methodology and Literature . Indianapolis, 1977. Concise and clearly written introduction to the field of ḥadīth. Azami, Muhammad Mustafa . Studies in Early Ḥadīth Literature, with a Critical Edition of Some Early Texts . Indianapolis, 1978. Another original investigation into early ḥadīth...
Hadith Reference library
The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islamic Philosophy
... After the Qur'an itself, the most important source for Islamic philosophy is the body of works known as hadith (literally, traditions) concerning the Prophet and his companions. The hadith can be seen as a kind of supplement to the Qur'an; they are not divinely sent in the manner of the latter, but they represent the thinking of the Prophet and his companions. The hadith in turn have been a rich source of inspiration for thinkers and philosophers in the Islamic world down to the present day. In the words of Nasr ( 1996 : 36), the Qur'an and the ...
Hadith Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
...Hadith Report of the words and deeds of Muhammad and other early Muslims; considered an authoritative source of revelation, second only to the Quran (sometimes referred to as sayings of the Prophet). Hadith ( pl. ahadith ; hadith is used as a singular or a collective term in English ) were collected, transmitted, and taught orally for two centuries after Muhammad's death and then began to be collected in written form and codified. They serve as a source of biographical material for Muhammad, contextualization of Quranic revelations, and Islamic law. A...
hadīth Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
...those that has aroused most passion in Islam. J. Robson , “ Ḥadīth ”, EI(E) , 3, 1971, 23-28. A. von Denffer , Literature on Hadith in European Languages: a bibliography , Leicester, 1981. G. H. A. Juynboll , Muslim Tradition: studies in chronology provenance and authorship of early “hadith” , Cambridge, 1983. L. T. Librande , “ Ḥadīth ”, EncRel(E) , 6, 1987, 143-151. J. Burton , An Introduction to the Ḥadīth , Edinburgh, 1994. G. H. A. Juynboll , Studies on the Origins and Uses of Islamic Hadith , Aldershot, 1996. Claude...
Ḥadīth Reference library
Asma Sayeed and Kristina Benson
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women
... . [ This entry contains two subentries , Transmission and Women and Gender in the .] Transmission One of the most important arenas of Muslim women's religious education across much of Islamic history is the transmission of reports ascribed to Prophet Muḥammad ( ḥadīth ). Women's activities in this field fluctuated over time in response to currents in social, political, and intellectual history, and this history is fertile ground for exploring key issues, such as the development of law and ḥadīth as distinct fields of religious learning, methods of ...
Hadith Qudsi Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
...Hadith Qudsi Sacred tradition or report. Also called hadith rabbani or hadith ilahi (divine hadith). Refers to a saying (hadith) of the Prophet Muhammad in which the meaning is revealed by God and the phrasing is formulated by the Prophet. Unlike prophetic hadith (hadith nabawi), the chain of transmission is traced back directly to God instead of ending with the Prophet. In contrast to the Quran , which is considered divine revelation in both meaning and wording, the authenticity of sacred hadith varies from one narration to another, and they may not be...
Ahl al-Hadith Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
...Ahl al-Hadith People of the traditions (of the Prophet). Also ashab al-hadith. The characterization refers to the adherents of the powerful movement of the late second and third centuries of Islam (late eighth and ninth centuries C.E. ) that insisted on the authority of the traditions (hadith) attributed to the Prophet Muhammad , as against the informed “opinions” (ray) on which many contemporary juristic schools based their legal reasoning. This movement played a critical role in the emergence of Sunni...
Ahl al-Ḥadīth Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
...al-Ḥadīth . The ahl al-ḥadīth , literally the “people of tradition,” is not a distinct group of thinkers, but refers variously to the Ḥanbalī jurists, and/or to those who see themselves as particularly enthusiastic about the Prophetic traditions ( ḥadīth reports) in Islam. The different legal schools ( madhāhib , s. madhhab ) in Islam take different attitudes toward the ḥadīth reports. They all regard them as important indications of the law, of course, but some accept analogical uses of reason and also accept as genuine a narrower range of the reports...
Ahl-i Hadith Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
...Ahl-i Hadith Offshoot of nineteenth-century Indian Tariqah-i Muhammadiyyah movement. Tied to the tradition of Shah Wali Allah and the eighteenth-century Wahhabi movement. Favors direct use of Islamic sources and exercise of ijtihad (independent reasoning), rather than following schools of law (taqlid). Heavy reliance on hadith and “concealed” revelation contained within led to polemical war with Ahl al-Quran, a countergroup that advocated total reliance on the Quran as the perfect source of guidance. Reportedly had two thousand local branches and two...
Ahl al-Hadith Reference library
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
...al-Hadith ( People of the Tradition ). . A relatively small but vigorous Islamic reform movement. It first appeared in India at the end of the 19th cent., and its characteristics are similar to the Wahhābī movement of Arabia. Their creed is ‘whatever the Prophet Muḥammad taught in the Qurʾān and the authentic traditions, that alone is the basis of our religionʾ. On matters of Islamic law, the ahl-al-Hadith far exceed Wahhābī puritanism. They cast aside the four orthodox schools of law, and instead contend that every believer is free to follow his own...
Jamiatul Ulama-i Ahl-i Hadith Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
...Jamiatul Ulama-i Ahl-i Hadith Society of the Ulama of the People of the Hadith. Pakistani extreme right-wing political party of ulama. Preaches uncomproming monotheism, rejects all notions of intercession by spiritual mentors, and condemns visitation of Sufi shrines as polytheism. Only ulama organization that rejects democracy as antithetical to Islam and advocates autocratic rule by a “pious ruler” under the guidance of Islamic law. Places heavy emphasis on hadith as source of revelation and Islamic law. Similar in outlook to Saudi Arabian Wahhabi...
Hadith Quick reference
New Oxford Rhyming Dictionary (2 ed.)
... • beneath , buck teeth, Hadith, heath, Keith, neath, Reith, sheath, teeth, underneath, Westmeath, wreath • eye teeth •...
Hadith noun Reference library
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English
... noun E18 Arabic ( ḥadīṯ statement, tradition). The body of tradition concerning the sayings and doings of the prophet Muhammad, now considered to be second in authority to the Koran and to embody the Sunna; a single such...
