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Gutenberg Bible Reference library
Spencer Weinreich
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
...column was also altered from 40 to 42. It proved enormously influential on the history of print, esp. of Bibles, notably the Clementine Vulgate. Spencer Weinreich The Gutenberg Bible of 1454 (Cologne, 2018). Darlow and Moule , 2 (1911), 905ff. M. Davies , The Gutenberg Bible (London, 1996). J. Thorpe , The Gutenberg Bible: Landmark in Learning (2nd edn, San Marino, Calif., 1999). E. M. White , Editio princeps: A History of the Gutenberg Bible (New York,...
Gutenberg Bible Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Book
... Bible The first printed Latin Bible and the first substantial book printed in Europe; an icon for the invention of printing in movable type. Although widely known as the Gutenberg Bible (also, the ‘42-line Bible’), it was completed in 1454–5 without the printer’s name. It was not until 1741 that this edition of the Bible could be connected beyond doubt with *Gutenberg , to whom the invention of printing had been ascribed since the 1470s . In 1741 , a notarial document (the ‘Helmaspergische Notariatsinstrument’) came to light that was drawn up...
Gutenberg Bible Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.)
... Bible the edition of the Bible (Vulgate version) printed by the German printer Johannes Gutenberg ( c. 1400–68 ). He was the first in the West to print using movable type, introduced typecasting using a matrix, and was the first to use a press. The Gutenberg Bible was completed in about 1455 in Mainz, Germany. Printed in Latin in three volumes in 42-line columns, it is the first complete book extant in the West and is also the earliest to be printed from movable type. There are about forty copies still in existence. Also called the ...
Gutenberg Bible
The Reformation to 1700 Reference library
David Wright
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...exaggeration. Of Gutenberg's famous 42-line Bible perhaps only a couple of hundred were produced, some on paper, the rest on vellum. Each vellum copy used the skins of 170 animals. But by 1500 editions regularly ran to 1,000 or 1,500 copies, and 100,000 Bibles may well have been in print. William Tyndale's New Testament, the first printed in English, saw 3,000 copies off the press in Worms in 1525, and print-runs of this size must soon have been normal. Multiplied by the number of editions—by 1640 about 300 for the English Bible and about 150 for the...
25 The History of the Book in Switzerland Reference library
Lukas Erne
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...works of reformed religion, particularly bibles and *psalters , although the first French Protestant translation of the Bible ( 1535 ), by Pierre-Robert Olivétan, was printed in Serrières (now part of Neuchâtel), by Pierre de Vingle . This translation was revised under the influence of Calvin, leading to the publication of the important versions of 1560 and 1588 , both printed in Geneva. An Italian translation of the Bible was also printed in Geneva, in 1555 , as was, in 1560 , the famous English Geneva Bible as well as the first translation of the New...
24 The History of the Book in Germany Reference library
John L. Flood
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...Book, 1450–1750 (1995) M. Giesecke , Der Buchdruck in der frühen Neuzeit (1991) [ Gutenberg-Gesellschaft and Gutenberg-Museum ,] Blockbücher des Mittelalters (1991) J. Ing , Johann Gutenberg and his Bible (1987) G. Jäger , Geschichte des deutschen Buchhandels im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert , pts. 1 and 2, Das Kaiserreich 1871–1918 (2001–3) F. Kapp and J. Goldfriedrich , Geschichte des deutschen Buchhandels (4 vols, 1886–1913; repr. 1970) A. Kapr , Johann Gutenberg , tr. D. Martin (1996) H.-J. Künast , ‘Getruckt zu Augspurg’: Buchdruck und...
11 The Technologies of Print Reference library
James Mosley
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...in Strasbourg before Gutenberg returned to Mainz. There is no direct evidence to support this idea, but if the mirrors were made from lead or an alloy using lead, their makers may have developed some of the expertise that would be needed for making type. The earliest surviving fragments of printing that can be associated with Gutenberg appear to date from about 1450 , and make use of a type that is less well finished and printed than that of the folio bible (the so-called 42-line bible) known to have been in production in 1454 . This bible and the large 1457 ...
19 The Electronic Book Reference library
Eileen Gardiner and Ronald G. Musto
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...leap by almost 25 years. In 1971 Michael Hart at the University of Illinois began Project Gutenberg (PG) by creating electronic texts of small, public-domain works, beginning with the *Declaration of Independence , the Bill of Rights, and the US Constitution. These were hand-keyed: a labour-intensive, and volunteer, effort. When the capacity of storage media increased, PG digitized larger books, including Alice in Wonderland , Peter Pan , and the Bible; and with the development of affordable optical character recognition ( *OCR ) technology by the...
6 The European Printing Revolution Reference library
Cristina Dondi
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...jewellers able to cut their own punches ( see 11 ). Typographic printing was introduced by *Gutenberg around 1450 in Mainz. The first printing experiments— *indulgences and Donatus’ antique Latin *primer , Ars Minor —appear to have been conducted on materials small in size and of saleable interest, often ecclesiastical and educational in nature. The first substantial book printed with movable type is the 42-line or *Gutenberg Bible . The work of Gutenberg at Mainz was continued by other printers in the city, *Fust and Schoeffer . After the first...
5 The European Medieval Book Reference library
Christopher de Hamel
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...of the Middle Ages, dominated by books of hours (often in the vernacular), breviaries, psalters, choirbooks, and large institutional bibles. It is a setting that not only anticipates the religious Reformation of the 16 th century but also, and more importantly in the present context, it is a world known and exploited by *Gutenberg and his colleagues in Mainz in the 1450s . This was not the case in Italy. Choirbooks and bibles were certainly still being illuminated in the Italian Renaissance courts, often of princely grandeur (and unexpected secularism), but...
28 The History of the Book in Italy Reference library
Neil Harris
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...( BMC 7. xxxvii). Rather curiously, when the shake-up came, it was produced largely by a return to an even greater antiquity. 4 Aldus The importance of being Aldus, to misquote Oscar Wilde, is undeniable. After that of *Gutenberg , his name is probably the best known in the whole of book history. On the other hand, although Gutenberg’s claim to fame is established by his invention of the printing press, why precisely has Aldus gained such renown? After all, he was a latecomer to the profession; in 1495 , when he opened shop, over 200 other presses had...
9 Missionary Printing Reference library
M. Antoni J. Üçerler
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...missionaries had succeeded in printing catechisms in Japanese as early as 1865 . 6 Conclusion As Europeans began to travel to all corners of the earth beginning in the 15 th century, they were determined not only to conquer new lands but also to spread their faith. From *Gutenberg they had learned the power of the printed word, and were determined to use this revolutionary new technology to Christianize Asia. The impact of these efforts varied depending on a number of circumstances. The two most significant variables were the ability to wield control as...
18 Theories of Text, Editorial Theory, and Textual Criticism Reference library
Marcus Walsh
The Oxford Companion to the Book
..., transpositions, dittography, and scribal emendation. Humanist textual scholarship antedated printing. Valla, for instance, amended the Vulgate on the bases of the Greek original and patristic texts ( 1449 ; published by *Erasmus , 1505 ). The first printed bibles, by *Gutenberg and other presses, were in Latin. The Hebrew Old Testament was not printed until 1488 , at the *Soncino Press; and the first Greek New Testament, the *Complutensian Polygot, was printed in 1514 but not published until 1522 . It was narrowly beaten to the market...
22 The History of the Book in France Reference library
Vincent Giroud
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...of ‘artificial writing’ about which nothing else is known. Other prototypographical experiments may have taken place in Toulouse around that time ( see 6 , 11 ). 3 The coming of print Printed books were introduced into France before printing was established in the country. *Gutenberg ’s associates *Fust (who died in Paris in 1466 ) and Schoeffer brought their productions to the French capital, where they were also available through their representative, Hermann de Staboen . Once *Heynlin and Guillaume Fichet had established the first French printing...
