Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
..., Friedrich ( 1844–1900 ) Born in Prussia, the son of a Lutheran minister who died insane four years later, Nietzsche spent the years of childhood with his mother, sister, grandmother, and two maiden aunts. In 1858 he entered boarding school, and in spite of poor health went on to study theology and classical philology at the university of Bonn, and then removed to Leipzig, where he became influenced by Kant , Schopenhauer , and the composer Richard Wagner . A year in the army in 1868 was cut short by illness, but his intellectual distinction...
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (2 ed.)
...of Bonn to study theology and classical philology but transferred a year later to the University of Leipzig to continue studying under his professor Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl, who had also transferred from Bonn to Leipzig. Nietzsche became the only student ever to publish in Ritschl’s journal, Rheinisches Museum . In 1869, the University of Leipzig conferred Nietzsche’s doctorate without examination or dissertation on the strength of his published writings alone, and he was appointed extraordinary professor of classical philology at the University of...
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Critical Theory (2 ed.)
...it. In other words, we shouldn’t judge life, or seek to enchain it, we should live it to its maximum potential. Further Reading: G. Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy (1983). J. Derrida Spurs: Nietzsche’s Styles (1979). A. Nehamas Nietzsche: Life as Literature (1985). L. Spinks Friedrich Nietzsche (2003). M. Tanner Nietzsche (1994). https://fns.org.uk/ The website of the Friedrich Nietzsche Society, which includes links to resources and discussion boards...
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Reference library
The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature
...Hallman, Max O. “ Nietzsche's Environmental Ethics. ” Environmental Ethics 13 (Summer 1991), 99–125. Langer, Monika . “The Role and Status of Animals in Nietzsche's Philosophy.” In H. Peter Steeves , ed. Animal Others: On Ethics, Ontology, and Animal Life . Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999, 75–92. Moles, Alaistair . Nietzsche's Philosophy of Nature and Cosmology . New York: Peter Lang, 1990. Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm . The Portable Nietzsche . Walter Kaufmann , tr. New York: Viking Penguin, 1982. Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm . The...
Nietzsche, Friedrich
Dictionary of the Social Sciences
..., Friedrich ( 1844–1900 ) A late nineteenth-century German philosopher whose work has been of preeminent importance to a wide range of twentieth-century traditions, from critical theory to existentialism, poststructuralism , and postmodernism . Nietzsche was a prolific writer, but he experienced poor health and ultimately suffered a complete mental breakdown in 1889 . In the seventeen years preceding that breakdown, however, Nietzsche developed a highly original critical account of Western metaphysics and Christian morality, as well as a radical...
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Reference library
Allan H. Simmons
Oxford Reader’s Companion To Conrad
..., Friedrich ( 1844–1900 ), the first philosopher to confront fully the consequences of Western man’s loss of faith in religion. In his ‘Introduction’ to Thus Spake Zarathustra ( 1883–5 ), Friedrich Nietzsche announced: ‘God is dead! … I teach you the Superman’. If there is no transcendent God, then, according to Nietzsche , man chooses his own values, morality, truth, and standards of every kind to meet his needs. To this end, Nietzsche advocates an absolute skepticism towards past conventions and inherited concepts which, he claims, have...
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Reference library
Oxford Reader's Companion to George Eliot
..., Friedrich ( 1844–1900 ), German philosopher who relentlessly insisted on the implications of his declaration in Also Sprach Zarathustra ( Thus Spoke Zarathustra , 1883–92 ), ‘that God is dead! ’ ( Portable Nietzsche , 124). George Eliot's alleged unwillingness to accept these perceived implications led Nietzsche to attack her in Götzen-Dämmerung ( Twilight of the Idols , 1889 G. Eliot . They are rid of the Christian God and now believe all the more firmly that they must cling to Christian morality. That is an English consistency; we do not...
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Sociology (4 ed.)
..., Friedrich ( 1844–1900 ) A German philosopher , one of the great (if not the greatest of) modern iconoclasts, Nietzsche has been read as the precursor of such varied phenomena as Nazism and postmodernism . Essentially, he appears to have been outraged by the lack of reflexivity among philosophers and scientists who failed to apply to their own thoughts the rigorous questioning they applied to those of others, a reaction which led him to dispute the supposed rationalism , scientism, and humanism of modern Western societies. Against this, he...
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.)
..., Friedrich (Röcken nr. Lützen, 1844–1900 , Weimar), a pastor's son, showed remarkable gifts at an early age. He was at Bonn and Leipzig universities and was elected at 25 ( 1869 ) to a chair of classical philosophy at Basel University. In the Franco-Prussian War ( see Deutsch-FranzÖSischer Krieg ) he was a volunteer in the medical service. In 1879 he resigned his chair on the ground of ill-health. During his tenure of the professorship Nietzsche wrote Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik ( 1872 ), in which, in addition to underlining...
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Reference library
Andreas Urs Sommer
The Oxford Guide to the Historical Reception of Augustine
... (Levante 1988) 621–8. A. U. Sommer , Der Geist der Historie und das Ende des Christentums. Zur ‘Waffengenossenschaft’ von Friedrich Nietzsche und Franz Overbeck (Berlin 1997). ——, Friedrich Nietzsches ‘Der Antichrist’. Ein philosophisch-historischer Kommentar 2000). ...
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Political Quotations (4 ed.)
...0Friedrich Friedrich Nietzsche 1844 – 1900 German philosopher and writer I teach you the superman. Man is something to be surpassed. Also Sprach Zarathustra (1883) prologue I teach you the superman man is something to be surpassed Morality is the herd-instinct in the individual. Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (1882) morality is the herd-instinct Morality is the herd -instinct Master-morality and slave-morality. Jenseits von Gut und Böse (1886) master -morality slave -morality slave- morality At the base of all these aristocratic races the...
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (8 ed.)
...0Friedrich Friedrich Nietzsche 1844 – 1900 German philosopher and writer Woman was God's second blunder. Der Antichrist (1888) aphorism 48; see cowley woman was God's second blunder What I understand by ‘philosopher’: a terrible explosive in the presence of which everything is in danger. Ecce Homo (1908) ‘Die Unzeitgemässen’ sect. 3 understand by ‘ philosopher ’ terrible explosive everything is in danger Possessions are generally diminished by possession. The Gay Science (1882) ‘Die fröhliche Wissenschaft’ bk. 1, sect. 14 possessions ...
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) Quick reference
Oxford Essential Quotations (6 ed.)
...0Friedrich Friedrich Nietzsche 1844 – 1900 German philosopher and writer Woman was God's second blunder. Der Antichrist (1888) God is dead: but considering the state the species Man is in, there will perhaps be caves, for ages yet, in which his shadow will be shown. The Gay Science (1882) bk. 3, sect. 108; see Plato God is dead there will be caves shadow will be shown Morality is the herd-instinct in the individual. The Gay Science (1882) bk. 3, sect. 116 morality is the herd-instinct Morality is the herd -instinct One hears only those...
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations
...Friedrich Nietzsche 1844 – 1900 German philosopher Formerly one sought the feeling of the grandeur of man by pointing to his divine origin : this has now become a forbidden way, for at its portal stands the ape, together with other gruesome beasts, grinning knowingly as if to say: no further in this direction! One therefore now tries the opposite direction: the way mankind is going shall serve as proof of his grandeur and kinship with God. Alas this, too, is vain! At the end of this way stands the funeral urn of the last man and gravedigger (with...
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844–1900) Reference library
Barnabas Aspray
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
...The German edn of Nietzsche’s works is the ‘Musarionausgabe’ (23 vols, Munich, 1920–9). Eng. tr. of ‘complete works’ ed. O. Levy in 18 vols, 1909–13. Official life by E. Förster-Nietzsche , his sister (2 vols bound in 3, Leipzig, 1895–1904; shorter versions as Der junge Nietzsche (1912; Eng. tr., 1912) and Der einsame Nietzsche (1914; Eng. tr. [1915]). See also that of R. Hayman (1980). J. Young , Friedrich Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography (Cambridge, 2010). F. A. Lea , The Tragic Philosopher: Friedrich Nietzsche (London, 1993). T....
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844–1900) Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
..., Friedrich Wilhelm ( 1844–1900 ) German philosopher who rejected Christianity and the prevailing morality of his time and emphasized people's freedom to create their own values. He studied classical philology and taught Greek. In 1879 he abandoned philology for philosophy and worked out his view of the freedom of the individual over the next decade. In Thus Spake Zarathustra ( 1883–91 ), Nietzsche presented his notion of the Übermensch (‘Superman’), the idealized man, strong, positive, and able to impose his wishes upon the weak and...
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)
..., Friedrich Wilhelm ( 1844–1900 ). Born at Röcken , Saxony, and brought up the son of a Lutheran pastor, he was a brilliant undergraduate at Bonn and Leipzig; and accepted the professorship of classical philology at Basel before graduating. He was a disciple of Schopenhauer , and Schopenhauer's ‘will to power’ was a basis of his philosophy that only the strong ought to survive, while sympathy perpetuates the unfit. His magnum opus is Also Sprach Zarathustra ( 1883–91 ; Eng. trans. Thus Spake Zarathustra ). It develops the idea of the ‘superman’,...
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844–1900) Reference library
Oxford Reader's Companion to Hardy
..., Friedrich Wilhelm ( 1844–1900 ), German philosopher . Whereas Hardy may have felt some interest in Nietzsche's criticism of Christianity and views on tragedy and aesthetics, his overall attitude to the German philosopher was negative ( LN ii 511–12). In his first entry on Nietzsche in the Literary Notes ( see notebooks ) from 1888 or 1899 , Hardy quotes the opinion that ‘N.'s sounder doctrines were put forth during his early life, & that his later utterances were tainted with insanity’, and then caustically adds: ‘The latter words are true...
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844–1900)([Philos.]) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Reference and Allusion (3 ed.)
..., Friedrich Wilhelm [Philos.] ( 1844–1900 ) A German philosopher whose works contain writing on the themes of contempt for Christian ethics and for democracy, and admiration of the ‘will to power’, the Übermensch (superman), and the ‘master class’, the small group of superior people who dominate the mass of inferior people, the ‘herd’. Nietzsche's Übermensch was an ideal being whose superior physical and mental qualities represent the goal of human evolution. > Mentioned in the context of someone who strives for power ruthlessly, or believes...
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844–1900) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 ed.)
..., Friedrich Wilhelm ( 1844–1900 ), German philosopher . He was a professor at Basle from 1869 to 1879 , when he resigned because of ill-health. In 1889 he lost his reason. Nietzsche was a prophet rather than a systematic thinker. He held that life is the will to power; but power, not as exercised collectively by the masses, but the power of the great individual, the ‘superman’. To make this superman possible, the present values which are derived from Christianity must be abolished, since they are the portion of the weak and disinherited ‘herd’...
