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Francis Meres

(1565/6–1647) Educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and rector and schoolmaster at Wing, Rutland. He was author of Palladis Tamia: Wit's Treasury (1598), containing quotations ...

Meres, Francis

Meres, Francis (1565–1647)   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Writers and their Works (3 ed.)

..., Francis ( 1565–1647 ) English clergyman and author Gods Arithmeticke ( 1597 ) Non-Fiction Palladis Tamia: Wits Treasury ( 1598 ) ...

Meres, Francis

Meres, Francis (1565/6–1647)   Quick reference

The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (4 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013
Subject:
Literature
Length:
88 words

..., Francis ( 1565/6–1647 ) Author of Palladis Tamia: Wit's Treasury ( 1598 ). In it Meres reviewed 125 English writers from the time of Geoffrey Chaucer to his own day, contrasting each English one with a similar Latin, Greek, or Italian author. Particularly notable are his list of twelve of William Shakespeare 's plays, including Love's Labour's Won , and of his ‘sugared sonnets among his private friends’, and his accounts of Robert Greene 's, George Peele 's, and Christopher Marlowe 's...

Meres, Francis

Meres, Francis (1565–1647)   Reference library

Park Honan

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015

..., Francis ( 1565–1647 ), critic and clergyman . Born in Lincolnshire, Meres entered Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he took his BA. He later claimed to be ‘Master of Arts of both Universities’. Before moving to a Rutland parish, he lived in London where in 1597 and 1598 he met literary men and prepared his uniquely informative Palladis Tamia . Wit’s Treasury . Being the Second Part of Wit’s Commonwealth , registered on 7 September 1598 and published late that year. Though full of similitudes and routine panegyrics, the book is valuable for...

Meres, Francis

Meres, Francis (1565/6–1647)   Reference library

The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Literature
Length:
128 words

..., Francis ( 1565/6–1647 ) Educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and rector and schoolmaster at Wing, Rutland. He was author of Palladis Tamia: Wit's Treasury ( 1598 ), containing quotations and maxims from various writers. In it Meres reviewed 125 English writers from the time of Geoffrey Chaucer to his own day, contrasting each English one with a similar Latin, Greek, or Italian author. Particularly notable are his list of twelve of William Shakespeare 's plays, including Love's Labour's Won , and of his ‘sugared sonnets among his private...

Meres, Francis

Meres, Francis (1565–1647)   Quick reference

An A-Z Guide to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

..., Francis ( 1565–1647 ) English author of a book called Palladis Tamia: Wit's Treasury , printed in 1598 . Its chief importance lies in a list of plays by Shakespeare, which for some of them is the only objective evidence as to their date. The passage runs: ‘As Plautus and Seneca are accounted the best for comedy and tragedy among the Latins, so Shakespeare among the English is the most excellent in both kinds for the stage; for comedy, witness his Gentlemen of Verona , his Errors , his Love Labour's Lost , his Love Labour's Won , his Midsummer's...

Francis Meres

Francis Meres  

(1565/6–1647)Educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and rector and schoolmaster at Wing, Rutland. He was author of Palladis Tamia: Wit's Treasury (1598), containing quotations and maxims from ...
Sonnets

Sonnets   Reference library

Michael Dobson

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
2,480 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

..., the Sonnets have long been regarded as Shakespeare’s most important and distinctive contributions to lyric poetry , as well as the most profoundly enigmatic works in the canon. In certain select circles Shakespeare already had a reputation as a sonneteer by 1598 , when Francis Meres wrote of ‘his sugared sonnets among his private friends’, but although two of his sonnets reached print the following year (in The Passionate Pilgrim ) his whole sequence only appeared in 1609 , with A Lover’s Complaint as its coda. (A Stationers’ Register entry of ...

Much Ado About Nothing

Much Ado About Nothing   Reference library

Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, Anthony Davies, and Will Sharpe

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
2,843 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...so long-winded and inept that he dismisses them to proceed on their own. 4.1 At the wedding service, conducted by Friar Francis, Claudio gives Hero back to her father, accusing her, with the support of Don Pedro and Don John, of falsehood, and recounting that he saw her entertain a lover at her chamber window the previous night. Hero faints before her three accusers leave. Leonato, convinced of her guilt, wishes she were dead, but Friar Francis, questioning her as she revives, is persuaded of her innocence. Leonato and Benedick agree, on the Friar’s advice, to...

Psychology

Psychology   Reference library

An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
History, modern history (1700 to 1945), Literature
Length:
5,151 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...in the century—are general psychological propositions open to scientific scrutiny?—did re-emerge in 1804 in the Edinburgh Review . Francis *Jeffrey , the founding editor, reviewed Dugald *Stewart 's book Account and Writings of Thomas Reid ( 1803 ) and criticized Stewart, the professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh, for joining his teacher Reid in agreeing with the analysis of scientific induction given by Francis Bacon . Stewart mistakenly believed, Jeffrey wrote, that there would be great benefit in ‘applying to the science of mind those sound...

Richard III

Richard III   Reference library

Randall Martin and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
3,559 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Illustration(s):
1

...of 1592–3 also supports the theory that publication of the anonymous True Tragedy of Richard the Third ( 1594 )—a very different dramatization of events from Richard’s reign—was intended to capitalize on the success of Shakespeare’s play, which was subsequently listed in Francis Meres ’s Palladis Tamia ( 1598 ). ‘That bottled spider, that foul bunch-backed toad’ ( Richard III 4.4.81). Antony Sher in Bill Alexander’s production, RSC, 1984: his Richard’s likeness to a predatory arachnid was unforgettably enhanced by the black crutches on which he scuttled...

Richard Duke of York

Richard Duke of York   Reference library

Randall Martin, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
2,705 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...While the view that Shakespeare revised a play by Greene has been discounted, the Oxford editors leave open the possibility that certain scenes might not be wholly by Shakespeare. Some degree of collaboration in this or (more likely) the other Henry VI plays might explain Francis Meres’s failure to mention them in Palladis Tamia ( 1598 ), which lists other—but not all—known Shakespeare plays. Other recent editors, however, believe Shakespeare was the sole author. Richard Duke of York ’s poetic tone and dramatic structure are the most unified of the...

Titus Andronicus

Titus Andronicus   Reference library

Sonia Massai and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
2,504 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...underneath the main stage, which after serving as the entrance to the tomb of the Andronici in Act 1 becomes the ‘subtle pit’ in Act 2. Critical history: The question of authorship has dominated the critical history of Titus Andronicus well into the 20th century. Although Francis Meres included Titus Andronicus in the list of Shakespeare ’s plays in his Palladis Tamia ( 1598 ), his attribution was repeatedly contested. In 1687 , Edward Ravenscroft claimed that ‘some anciently conversant with the stage’ told him that Shakespeare ‘gave some...

The Two Gentlemen of Verona

The Two Gentlemen of Verona   Reference library

Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
2,682 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...Two Gentlemen of Verona This perennially fresh and pleasantly fallible comedy may be Shakespeare’s first work for the professional stage, probably composed around 1590 . The first of the six Shakespearian comedies mentioned by Francis Meres ’s Palladis Tamia in 1598 , its dramatic technique suggests inexperience, and its tone is far closer to that of the courtly comedies of the 1580s (such as Lyly ’s Midas , 1588–9 , which at one point it echoes) than is that of any other Shakespearian comedy. Certain scholars have placed The Two Gentlemen of Verona ...

Henry VI Part 1

Henry VI Part 1   Reference library

Randall Martin and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
2,505 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...1592 . Authorship: Although it first appeared in the authoritative 1623 Folio, Part 1 is perhaps the least likely of the Henry VI plays to be wholly by Shakespeare, whose authorship has been questioned since the 18th century. Collaborative writing might explain Francis Meres ’s failure to mention Henry VI in Palladis Tamia ( 1598 ), which lists other—but not all—known Shakespeare plays. Modern scholars and editors have argued that Thomas Nashe wrote Act 1 and perhaps other scenes, which may partly explain his enthusiastic notice of the play....

Love’s Labour’s Lost

Love’s Labour’s Lost   Reference library

Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
2,517 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...Labour’s Lost At once Shakespeare’s most airy comedy and his most sustained discussion of language, Love’s Labour’s Lost was probably composed in 1594 and 1595 . It is listed among Shakespeare’s works by Meres in 1598 , and appeared in the same year in a quarto edition which boasts that the play was acted before Queen Elizabeth ‘this last Christmas’ (which may mean either 1597–8 or 1596–7 ). The play’s heavy use of rhyme suggests it belongs to the ‘lyrical’ period initiated by Venus and Adonis ( 1592–3 ): in rare vocabulary it is closely...

16 The History of Illustration and its Technologies

16 The History of Illustration and its Technologies   Reference library

Paul Goldman

The Oxford Companion to the Book

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
History, Social sciences
Length:
5,997 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Illustration(s):
3

... or notebook form, their relative lack of text renders their status as illustrated books doubtful. His two books of emblems— Vie de la Mère de Dieu ( 1646 ) and Lux Claustri ( 1646 )—belong more securely to the category. In England at around the same time, *Hollar dominated etching and was responsible for more than 2,500 plates. Some of these were for books, and the 44 he made for Virgil’s Georgics after Francis Clein’s designs constitute what was probably the most ambitious illustrated volume yet published in the country. Commissioned by the...

Colossians

Colossians   Reference library

Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, OP and Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, OP

The Oxford Bible Commentary

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2022
Subject:
Religion
Length:
10,129 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...language of 2:8–23 . Paul is reacting to a doctrinal problem, which has been described in at least forty-four different ways ( Gunther 1973 : 3–4 )! There is a useful survey of the more notable opinions in O'Brien 1982 : xxx-xxxviii. A decisive breakthrough was made by Francis's (Francis and Meeks 1973 : 163–207 ) lexicographical work on tapeinophrosynê and embateuô in 2:18 , which provided a basis for an understanding of the genitive in ‘worship of angels’ as subjective. His outline of Jewish ascetic mysticism, which is the socio-religious framework...

The Merchant of Venice

The Merchant of Venice   Reference library

Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
3,171 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Illustration(s):
1

...Merchant of Venice Shakespeare’s perennially popular, and perennially controversial, comedy of religious conflict was entered in the Stationers ’ Register on 22 July 1598 , and is mentioned in Francis Meres ’s Palladis Tamia soon afterwards. The Merchant of Venice cannot have been more than two years old then: the passage in which Shylock cites the story of Jacob and Laban (1.3.70–89) shows the influence of Miles Mosse’s tract The Arraignment and Conviction of Usury ( 1595 ), and the play is unlikely to have been written before 1596 , since a...

A Midsummer Night’s Dream

A Midsummer Night’s Dream   Reference library

Michael Dobson and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
3,220 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Illustration(s):
1

...the Pyramus and Thisbe story seem to be shaped by the plot of Romeo and Juliet , suggesting that A Midsummer Night’s Dream was written soon after it, in 1595 . Other evidence, too, ties the play to the 1594–6 period: it was certainly extant by 1598 , when it is listed by Meres , and its references to disrupted weather (2.1.88–114) suggest composition between mid- 1594 and late 1596 , a disastrous period for English agriculture. A familiar hypothesis that the play was specifically written for performance at an aristocratic wedding seems implausible...

The First Part of the Contention of the Two Famous Houses of York and Lancaster

The First Part of the Contention of the Two Famous Houses of York and Lancaster   Reference library

Randall Martin, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies

The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Literature, Shakespeare studies and criticism, Performing arts, Theatre
Length:
2,732 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

...however, Shakespeare’s whole or part authorship began to be contested. Most recently the Oxford editors and Knowles ( 1999 ) continue to accept the possibility of Shakespeare’s collaboration with Greene , Nashe , and George Peele . Multiple authorship might explain Francis Meres ’s failure to mention Henry VI in Palladis Tamia ( 1598 ), which lists other—but not all—known Shakespeare plays. Other modern editors believe Shakespeare was the sole author of The Contention and that the Henry VI plays were written in chronological order. Certain...

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