Fine Art Copyright Act (1862) Reference library
Robin Lenman
The Oxford Companion to the Photograph
... Art Copyright Act , 1862 . British law extending copyright protection to photographs as well as works of art. This was done, despite arguments that photography was merely a ‘mechanical process’, partly to encourage foreign participation in the imminent 1862 International Exhibition. (In the event, photographs were excluded from the fine‐art section.) To obtain protection, photographers had to register images at Stationers' Hall, London, and pay a fee. Over 250,000 items were registered during the Act's lifetime ( 1862–1912 ). Most were commercial...
Fine Art Copyright Act
Design Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...trends and keep down costs, manufacturers relied on copying high quality samples or designs. The Select Committee exposed a serious division of opinion between the protectionists, who wanted to introduce a copyright law on original designs, and the free trade manufacturers, who pushed the economics of scale to the limit. The former, who were mainly fine printers producing the most original, complicated, and expensive designs for the middle classes, asserted that the patrician character of the original was impaired when it became plebeian. The latter, the...
23 The History of the Book in the Low Countries Reference library
Paul Hoftijzer
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...lacked central political authority, while its largest and most powerful city, Amsterdam, at times acted like a state within a state. A situation existed in which censorship was by no means absent, but could only be practised in a limited manner. Even the system of *privileges , which in other countries served as a means of preventive government control, in the northern Netherlands remained confined to its primary function as a protection of publishers’ *copyrights . Combined with long-established traditions of tolerance, these realities earned the Dutch...
42 The History of the Book in Japan Reference library
P. F. Kornicki
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...of Nagoya, which was recognized in 1798 . The shogunal government was not enthusiastic about the establishment of trade guilds, but perceived them to be a necessary evil in order to limit the scope for *copyright disputes. Until the late 19 th century, copyright lay with publishers, not with authors, and the most common cause of legal disputes was copyright infringement. The establishment of guilds reduced the number of cases within any one publishing centre, but did not stop disputes between publishers in different cities: thus, when an Osaka publisher put...
44 The History of the Book in Australia Reference library
Ian Morrison
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...of the Australian Bookseller and Publisher . Art publishing gathered momentum during World War I with Thomas Lothian’s production in 1916 of two lavish books, The Art of Frederick McCubbin and Ida Rentoul Outhwaite’s Elves and Fairies . Sydney Ure Smith established two key journals: Art in Australia ( 1916–42 ), with its *tipped-in colour plates, provided a forum for the fine arts; The Home ( 1920–42 ), although focused on interior design and decoration, included articles about contemporary art, and featured covers by such notable artists as ...
39 The History of the Book in the Indian Subcontinent Reference library
Abhijit Gupta
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...the lead in standardizing publishing, and bringing it more into line with international practice. The first attempts to form trade associations took place during this time, notably in the College Street book mart in Calcutta. The passing of the Indian Copyright Act of 1914 ratified the 1911 British Act with minor changes, and helped clarify author–publisher relations. Another notable development was the rise of specialist publishers, leading to the standardization of editorial and scholarly practices, a task initiated by learned societies such as the ...
Enlightenment Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...41 ]. Though he began the treatise as a student in Dublin, he had left for the greater opportunities available in London by the time it was published. Dublin, however, remained an important centre for *publishing [21] , especially because of the relative ease of evading *copyright there. In this it was rivalled by Belfast, a city also very conscious of its role in enlightened culture. The Northern Star , a Belfast newspaper launched in 1792 , carried in the form of extracts a virtual synopsis of late-eighteenth-century British and European enlightened...
Introduction to the Pauline Corpus Reference library
Terence L. Donaldson
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...or unfinished manuscripts published posthumously after being edited and completed by a colleague or admirer of the deceased. Furthermore, the ancients tended to have different attitudes towards authorship than are standard in our own culture, with its notions of copyright and intellectual property. Take, for example, this statement by the late second-century Christian writer Tertullian: ‘[The Gospel] which was published by Mark may be maintained to be Peter's, whose interpreter Mark was, just as the narrative of Luke is generally ascribed to...
Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period Reference library
Mary Joan Winn Leith
Oxford History of the Biblical World
... Joiada I b. ca. 470 Reprinted with permission from Zechariah 9–14 (Anchor Bible, vol. 25C) by Eric M. Meyers and Carol L. Meyers. Copyright © 1993 by Doubleday. Table 8.2 Governors of Samaria; Governors and High Priests of Judah (445–335 bce ) ...
Copyright Reference library
Christopher T. Hill
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
...power to grant copyrights to authors, which it did by adopting a general copyright act, signed by President George Washington in May 1790 . This act gave authors the sole right to print works for fourteen years, renewable for a second fourteen-year period. Authors were required to deposit copies of their work with the secretary of state and with the district court for the district in which they lived. Copyright was available to U.S. citizens, while works by foreigners and imported works were not protected. Concepts and mechanisms of copyright protection have...
Copyright Reference library
William Lichtenwanger and Mary Wallace Davidson
The Grove Dictionary of American Music (2 ed.)
...of the music licensing agencies, and the World Trade Organization, which in 2001 fined the USA $3.3 million for violating its obligations under the Berne Convention. Except for the Sonny Bono Act, the Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998 (Pub. L. No. 105–304, 112 Stat. 2860) was possibly the most controversial and pervasive in its effect. Title I brought US law into compliance with the earlier WPPT agreement, prohibited circumvention of copyright protection systems (known as digital rights management) except for encryption research, and...
Copyright Reference library
Darren Hudson Hick
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...works protected by copyright. The original Statue of Anne offered protection only to books, with further Acts of Parliament extending protection to engravings, statues, plays, and musical works. The clause in the United States Constitution that empowered Congress to enact copyright and patent law speaks of “Writings and Discoveries,” and the first U.S. copyright act (the Copyright Act of 1790 ), protected maps, charts, and books. Copyright has over the centuries extended in scope, however, and now generally protects most works of the fine and applied arts....
Appropriation Reference library
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics
...these works might have been challenged for copyright infringement but for the fact that, measured under any copyright law, the earlier works had long ago entered the public domain. In the last part of this century, however, copyright issues have become prominent among visual artists because of the merging of fine art and popular culture, in which artists incorporate—by design, although not necessarily for the same reasons—copyrighted images into their own works. These range from the collage that combines copyrighted material with other images and media to form...
Intellectual Property Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...prints, music, drama, photographs, and fine art. In Burrow-Giles v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53 ( 1884 ), the Supreme Court gave its approval to such expansions of the categories of protectable “Writings” (including those produced using new technologies). Congress also recognized additional rights to perform drama and music and to prepare derivative works, lengthened the initial term of protection to twenty-eight years, and in 1897 centralized the government's copyright activities by establishing the Copyright Office within the Library of Congress. Equally...
Appropriation Reference library
Crispin Sartwell and Gloria C. Phares
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...works might have been challenged for copyright infringement but for the fact that, measured under any copyright law, the earlier works had long ago entered the public domain. In the latter half of the twentieth century, however, copyright issues became prominent among visual artists because of the merging of fine art and popular culture, in which artists incorporate—by design, although not necessarily for the same reasons—copyrighted images into their own works. These range from the collage that combines copyrighted material with other images and media to...
Author Reference library
Darren Hudson Hick
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...Three years later, Congress acted on this power by instituting the first federal American copyright law, the Copyright Act of 1790 , taken almost verbatim from the Statute of Anne. In the decades and centuries to follow, most countries would institute copyright laws to protect the rights of creators with regard to their works. Modern art criticism, too, developed in the eighteenth century with the writings of French critics, La Font de Saint-Yenne and Denis Diderot, who attempted to capture in words the art on exhibition at the Paris Salons,...
Copyright Reference library
Kim Treiger-Bar-Am
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory
...US Act, 17 U.S.C. § 102(a); UK CDPA §§ 1, 3(1), and 4. 31. University of London Press v. Universal Tutorial Press [1916], 2 Ch. 601. “Originality” does not take on the meaning of novelty, as in patent law. Nor does copyright prevent someone else from independently creating a similar work. 32. Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co ., 499 U.S. 340 (1991). 33. University of London Press v. Universal Tutorial Press [1916], 2 Ch. 601. 34. Infopaq International A/S v. Danske Dagblades Forening (ECJ 2009). See Stokes, Art and Copyright , §...
professional organizations, photographers' Reference library
David Matthews
The Oxford Companion to the Photograph
...the rights and dignities of the profession by all legitimate means’. Membership was open to studio proprietors and principals; assistants were excluded. The PPA concerned itself particularly with the copyright and royalty issues raised by the emergence of a national illustrated press, and contributed to the consultations leading to the 1911 Copyright Act. After several changes of name, it became the British Institute of Professional Photographers ( BIPP ) in 1983 . The legal status of professional bodies varies from country to country, as does the type...
Law and Art Reference library
Daniel Shapiro, Daniel Shapiro, David Cole, Marjorie Heins, Richard Lehv, Roger A. Shiner, Brian Soucek, and Alain Pottage
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...Art, LLC v. PME Holdings , 2008 WL 5205822 (D. Utah, 2008). Galerie Furstenberg v. Coffaro , 697 F. Supp. 1282 (S.D.N.Y. 1988). Gilliam v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc ., 538 F.2d 14 (2d Cir. 1976). Hughes v. Design Look, Inc ., 693 F. Supp. 1500 (S.D.N.Y. 1988). Romm Art Creations Ltd. v. Simcha International, Inc ., 786 F. Supp. 1126 (E.D.N.Y. 1992). Smith v. Montoro , 648 F.2d 602 (9th Cir. 1981). Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Bros., Inc . 529 U.S. 205 (2000). Statutes Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq . (1976). Lanham Act,...
