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Clean, Well-Lighted Place, A Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Literature (6 ed.)
..., Well-Lighted Place, A , story by Hemingway , published in Winner Take Nothing . At a sidewalk table of a Spanish café an old, deaf man sits drinking brandy late at night as the two waiters discuss him, the older one with sympathy because he too is lonely, fearful, confident of nothing, and also in need of the security of a clean, well-lighted place...
Clean, Well-Lighted Place, A
Place-Names Quick reference
Margaret Gelling
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...this immigration. Scientific place‐name study rendered the most extreme 19th‐century assumptions about the Anglo‐Saxon conquest of Britain untenable, but the result was a modification rather than a total rejection of the earlier view. The most influential of the scholars who were involved in the use of place‐name evidence before the 1960s were deeply committed to the ‘clean‐sweep’ theory, and argued strongly that the replacement of most of the British place‐names by English ones supported this. Because of the survival of some place‐names which are in the...
The Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge Reference library
Abdul-Karim Soroush
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...be explained in light of the expectations. Treating these questions requires a good deal of philosophy, politics, sociology, and history, and that is what gives the science of religion the flavor of the age. That also explains why the true ijtihad (rational adjudication) in disciplines such as fiqh [Islamic jurisprudence] cannot materialize unless a true ijtihad in first principles has taken place beforehand. This, in turn, shows why fiqh has been so stagnant in religious seminaries in recent centuries. Since fiqh is a “consumer”...
Leviticus Reference library
Lester L. Grabbe and Lester L. Grabbe
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...Cult of Molek: A Reassessment , JSOTSup 43 (Sheffield: JSOT). Houston, W. (1993), Purity and Monotheism: Clean and Unclean Animals in Biblical Law , JSOTSup 140 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press). Hübner, U. (1989), ‘Schweine, Schweineknochen und ein Speiseverbot im Alten Israel’, VT 39: 225–36. Hurvitz, A. (1982), A Linguistic Study of the Relationship between the Priestly Source and the Book of Ezekiel: A New Approach to an Old Problem , Cahiers de la Revue Biblique, 20 (Paris: Gabalda). ———(1988), ‘Dating the Priestly Source in Light of the...
In the Beginning: The Earliest History Reference library
Michael D. Coogan
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...zones. Moving with the prevailing winds from west to east, first comes a coastal plain. In antiquity it was wetter than now, even swampy in places, so that the main route to and from Egypt skirted it, occasionally hugging the foothills to the east (the biblical Shephelah, or “lowland”). Along this route lay several of the major cities of ancient Palestine. Broad in the south, the coastal plain narrows as one moves north up the coast from Egypt, and the Shephelah tapers off as well, ending at the promontory of Mount Carmel, which juts into the sea at modern...
Zephaniah Reference library
Rex Mason and Rex Mason
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...abuses would not have existed after the clean-up described in 2 Kings 23:4–24 (e.g. Roberts 1991 : 163 ). We may suspect that the account of Josiah's reform has been somewhat exaggerated, especially in the light of the subsequent fierce attacks of Jeremiah and Ezekiel on the religious life of Judah. Even if that is so, however, it is true that the book would suit a general movement of unrest following the period of Assyrian domination in the time of Manasseh such as gave rise to the Deuteronomic reform movement. (For a brief survey of the history of the...
11 The Technologies of Print Reference library
James Mosley
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...extract a loose piece of type, which was reinserted. For all these reasons, as well as the vagaries of human labour, the daily target of 2,500 impressions per press crew was seldom reached. The second side of the sheet was printed from another forme, made up within a chase that was the same size as the first one. A proof sheet was printed by placing the made-up forme on the press and pulling one or more impressions ( see proofs and proofreading ). To make corrections, it was necessary to loosen the quoins and thus to unlock the forme. If a passage needed...
Industrial History Quick reference
David Hey
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
... spinning of cotton on machines that could be operated by minders rather than skilled workers. Six years later Arkwright was granted a second patent which mechanized the preparatory processes of opening and cleaning the cotton, carding, and the making of slivers and rovers for the spinning machines. His greatest achievement, however, was to place these machines in water‐powered mills, starting at Cromford in 1771 , with a ‘packaged’ system of production that was soon copied in many parts of northern England and Lowland Scotland. These new cotton mills...
Introduction to the Pentateuch Reference library
G. I. Davies
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...symbols for them as P-E-J-D (for a fuller account of the sources as later understood see sections c.7 and g ). Hupfeld's new ideas did not succeed in displacing the dominant Supplementary Hypothesis, at any rate not immediately. But some time before 1860 Ewald had recognized the existence of a second Elohist and the character of J and E as continuous sources—which places him very close to Hupfeld. A. Knobel, though less well-known, had reached similar conclusions independently of Hupfeld about the same time, and over a larger range of texts. His work is...
Utopianism Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...have been removed from dwelling-places, leisure and education for all classes are the norm, and cultural activities are subsidized by the government. Cities are built to accord with principles of order and cleanliness, and with efficient sewers and provision of clean water. The monarchy is elective, hereditary titles have been abolished, and political partisanship is unknown. Prostitution has not been abolished, but women can enter many trades and professions, and wealthier classes take ‘the initiative in cultivating a healthier and higher tone of morality...
Tobit Reference library
Joseph A. Fitzmyer, SJ and Joseph A. Fitzmyer, SJ
The Oxford Bible Commentary
... 3.19.8–3.20.2). The storyteller uses ‘two days’ to imply a far-away place. v. 12 , ‘Why do you need to know’, heavenly messengers were reluctant to reveal their identity; cf. Gen 32:29 . v. 13 , ‘Azariah’, his name means, ‘YHWH has helped’, a covert identification of his role, which will be played out in the story; ‘son of … Hananiah’, the patronymic means, ‘YHWH has been gracious’. v. 14 , ‘Nathan’, a shortened form of Nathaniah, ‘YHWH has given’, a form found in some MSS; ‘Shemeliah’, probably a corrupted form of Shelemiah, Šelemyāh(û) , ‘YHWH has...
Essay with Commentary on Post-Biblical Jewish Literature Reference library
Philip S. Alexander
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...of light, and at its turning, when it retires to its appointed place; at the beginning of the (2) watches of darkness when he unlocks its storehouse and spreads it over the earth, and at its turning, when it retires before the light; when the heavenly lights (3) shine out from the abode of holiness, and when they retire to the dwelling of glory; at the commencement of the seasons on the days of the new moon, as well as at their turnings, when (4) one hands over to the other (when the seasons are renewed it is a great day for the Holy of Holies, and a s[ure]...
Mark Reference library
C. M. Tuckett and C. M. Tuckett
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...light of the details of the passion narrative (a Jewish trial preceding a Roman trial, followed by a mockery involving spitting etc.). As before, the ‘Son of Man’ reference, and the inclusion of a prediction of ‘resurrection’, remain constant. v. 32 is a little obscure: how are the amazement and the fear related? And are there two groups of people intended here, or one? Jesus is ‘on the way’, ‘going ahead’ of his disciples. In one sense he is simply on a road, but in a deeper sense he is also on the ‘way’ that leads to Jerusalem which for Mark is the place...
Extra-canonical early Christian literature Reference library
J. K. Elliott and J. K. Elliott
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...the place of purification itself, and was walking in the temple. A Pharisee, a chief priest named Levi, met them and said to the Saviour, ‘Who gave you permission to walk in this place of purification and look upon these holy vessels when you have not bathed and your disciples have not washed their feet? But you have walked in this temple in a state of defilement, whereas no one else comes in or dares to view these holy vessels without having bathed and changed his clothes.’ Thereupon the Saviour stood with his disciples and answered him. ‘Are you then clean,...
Job Reference library
James L. Crenshaw and James L. Crenshaw
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...creation each day echoes Job's earlier curse ( 3:9 ) and complaint about reversals of dawn and darkness ( 24:13–17 ). In YHWH's graphic image, a personified dawn takes hold of earth's corners like a bedsheet and shakes out the wicked like bedbugs. Their natural fondness for darkness becomes a self-fulfilling curse, light being denied them and their strength being checked ( 38:15 ). In YHWH's world, the wicked have a place just like the good, but dawn limits their destructiveness. ( 38:16–21 ) Turning to the remote regions of the universe, YHWH asks Job about the...
Genesis Reference library
R. N. Whybray and R. N. Whybray
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...book. It defines Israel's place in the world of nations and links the human figures of the remote past with Abraham and his descendants by a series of genealogies. It also functions as a universal history of beginnings. It afforded the author the opportunity to state his belief that there is only one, supreme God and that he created the world with all its inhabitants. It is concerned with the nature of this God and with the nature of his human creatures. This universal history taught the Israelite readers a moral lesson as well as a theology: human beings are...
8 The Transmission of Jewish Knowledge through MSS and Printed Books Reference library
Emile G. L. Schrijver
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...the transmission of the text of the Babylonian Talmud. And yet, in the light of the relative quality of its Mishnaic text, it is hard to believe that the text of the Gemara as it appears in the only known complete medieval MS of its text represents anything else but one of Beit-Arié’s ‘re-creations of the copied text that may very well have distorted and transformed the original work’. In spite of the active copying by individuals, books were generally rare during the Jewish Middle Ages. As a result, scholars and students saw themselves forced to borrow books,...
John Reference library
René Kieffer and René Kieffer
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...the desert ( Ex 17:2 ) and the gift of water at Beer ( Num 21:16 ), which is celebrated by a famous song: ‘Spring up, O well! Sing to it’ ( Num 21:17 ). In the LXX and in the targums ‘Beer’ is considered as a ‘well’ and not as a place. In the targums the place Mattanah is interpreted as ‘gift’. Therefore the targum Pseudo-Jonathan considers the well as God's gift. In the Dead Sea scrolls the well is a symbol of the law given to Israel (CD 6:4–11 ), whereas Philo considers it as an image of wisdom ( De ebrietate , 112–13; De somniis , 2.267–71). This is more...
Acts Reference library
Loveday Alexander and Loveday Alexander
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...only ‘in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth’ can healing take place. There is a deliberate patterning on gospel healing stories here ( cf. Lk 5:23 ), and in both cases the play on words is almost certainly deliberate: Peter ‘raised’ ( ēgeiren, v. 7 ) the beggar to a new way of life as well as to new mobility. The crowd reaction ( v. 10 ) heightens the emotional impact of the miracle as well as its solid attestation: here is a whole crowd of witnesses to whom the lame beggar was well known ( cf. 3:16; 4:22 ). ( 3:11–26 ) ‘No Other Name’ Peter's second...
