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Buffalo Soldiers
The first black regiments in the regular army, established by Congress on July 1866. Originally the 9th and 10th Calvary and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st Infantry Regiments, in ...
Buffalo Soldiers Reference library
Frank N. Schubert
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...because the buffalo was essential to these tribes the name was probably a sign of respect and that the soldiers accepted it as such. This has not been proved, and the origins and significance of the name remain obscure. There is no evidence to indicate that the soldiers themselves used or referred to “buffalo soldiers,” so claims concerning their views of the usage also remain unproved. The Tenth Cavalry adopted the buffalo as a central element of its unit crest, but not until 1911 . General awareness of the participation of black soldiers in the westward...
Buffalo soldiers Reference library
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military
... soldiers the first black regiments in the regular army, established by Congress on July 1866 . Originally the 9th and 10th Calvary and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st Infantry Regiments, in 1869 the 38th and the 41st were merged into the 24th Infantry Regiment and the 39th and 40th were merged into the 25th Infantry Regiment. They served mostly at the frontier, but also fought in Cuba, in the Philippine War , and in Mexican border skirmishes. The name “Buffalo” was first applied to the 10th Calvary Regiment about 1870 by the Cheyenne . Supposedly...
Buffalo Soldiers Reference library
Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895: From the Colonial Period to the Age of Frederick Douglass
... Soldiers African American involvement with the U.S. military unofficially dates back to the American Revolution; officially, black soldiers began serving in the army during the Civil War. With the success of segregated units like the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry, African Americans solidified their place as a part of the U.S. Army. From this foundation arose the Buffalo Soldiers. The Buffalo Soldiers consisted of the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Infantries and the Ninth and Tenth Cavalries. These African American units served all along the...
“Buffalo” Soldiers Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Military History
...seen a similarity between the curly hair and the dark skin of the soldiers and the buffalo. Soon the Ninth's troopers also became known as buffalo soldiers, and ultimately the infantrymen too came to be considered buffalo soldiers. Many writers contend that the name reflected the Indians' respect for the soldiers, but Native American commentators disagree. [See also African Americans in the Military ; Army, U.S.: 1866–99 ; Plains Indians Wars .] William H. Leckie , The Buffalo Soldiers: A Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West , 1967. Arlen L....
Buffalo Soldiers
Fort Sill
James Henry Beard
Army Reorganization Act
Military Families
Oregon Trail
Ethnicity and Race in the Military
African-American troops
Military
African Americans
buffalo hunt Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Canadian History
...of buffalo, a high level of discipline was maintained by the elected hunt captains and their soldiers. When either the enemy or buffalo were spotted, an order was given and the columns of carts, often 8 or 9 km long, wheeled to form an enclosed circle to corral the horses and protect the women and children. If buffalo were sighted, the men would mount their fastest horse and ride into the herd with their mouths filled with shot and pockets full of powder. A good hunter on an experienced horse could kill 10–12 animals on a run. The rising demand for buffalo...
Ingraham, Prentiss (1843–1904) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Literature (6 ed.)
...Prentiss ( 1843–1904 ), son of Joseph Holt Ingraham , after service in the Civil War and as a soldier of fortune in Mexico, Austria, Crete, and Cuba became a popular writer like his father. The Masked Spy ( 1872 ) was the first of more than 600 dime novels he wrote under his own name and many pseudonyms, perhaps 200 of the novels about his friend Buffalo Bill . He also wrote several popular...
pemmican Quick reference
The Diner’s Dictionary (2 ed.)
...The traditional iron rations of Native Americans, made of dried buffalo or other meat pounded to a paste, mixed with fat and often fruit, especially cranberries, and shaped into small cakes. Carried on hunting trips, it could last almost indefinitely. The term has been taken over for a similar but rather less ethnic mixture of beef and dried fruit, used as emergency rations by explorers, soldiers, etc. in the Arctic. In origin it is a Cree word, pimikân , based on pimii ‘grease,...
Ingraham, Prentiss (1843–1904) Reference library
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military
...Prentiss ( 1843–1904 ) adventurer , born in Adams County, Mississippi . Ingraham fought briefly for the Confederacy during the Civil War but is known mainly as a soldier of fortune and writer. As a prolific writer of dime novel westerns, Ingraham helped shape the image of the cowboy in American popular culture and promoted the popular phenomenon of Buffalo Bill, about whom he began writing in 1876...
Fort Sill Reference library
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military
...along the borders with Texas and Kansas and to keep order in the area. Campaigns involved frontier scouts such as “Buffalo Bill” Cody and “Wild Bill” Hickok and included the Red River Campaign , which was launched in response to tribal warfare in 1874 . Geronimo and 341 other Apache prisoners were brought to the fort in 1894 ; Geronimo died and was buried there in 1909 . Troops camping at Fort Sill included the Buffalo soldiers , black regiments that built many of the stone structures still standing on the site, and Troop L of the 7th Cavalry, a...
