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Bolam test

Where clinical negligence is claimed, a test used to determine the standard of care owed by professionals to those whom they serve, e.g. the standards of care provided to patients by ...

Bolam test

Bolam test   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2022
Subject:
Law
Length:
217 words

... test In cases of alleged clinical negligence , a test sometimes used to determine the standard of care owed to a patient by medical professionals. The case Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee ( 1957 ) 1 WLR 583 established that there will be no breach in their duty of care so long as the doctor acted in accordance with practices accepted as proper by a responsible body of other medical professionals with expertise in that particular area. However, subsequent cases have challenged this test, requiring the doctor to behave “reasonably” or...

Bolam test

Bolam test  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Where clinical negligence is claimed, a test used to determine the standard of care owed by professionals to those whom they serve, e.g. the standards of care provided to patients by doctors. The ...
Bolam and Bolitho tests

Bolam and Bolitho tests   Quick reference

Concise Medical Dictionary (10 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2020
Subject:
Medicine and health, Clinical Medicine
Length:
112 words

... and Bolitho tests where clinical negligence is claimed, tests used to determine the standard of care owed by professionals to those whom they serve, e.g. the standards of care provided to patients by doctors. The 1957 case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee established that if a doctor acts in accordance with a responsible body of medical opinion, he or she will not be negligent. In 1997 this standard of care test was amended by the case of Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority , which requires the doctor’s behaviour to satisfy...

Bolam and Bolitho tests

Bolam and Bolitho tests n.   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Nursing (8 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2021
Subject:
Medicine and health
Length:
110 words

... and Bolitho tests [ boh -lăm-bŏ- leeth -oh] n. where negligence involving medical treatment is claimed, tests used to determine the standard of care owed to patients by doctors or other health professionals. The 1957 case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee established that if a doctor acts in accordance with a responsible body of medical opinion, he or she will not be negligent. In 1997 this standard of care test was amended by the case of Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority , which requires the doctor’s behaviour to satisfy...

Bolam principle

Bolam principle  

A test to determine the standard of care used by the legal profession to indicate that a practitioner has acted in accordance with a respectable body of medical opinion. It follows the judgement in a ...
Bolitho amendment

Bolitho amendment  

Reference type:
Overview Page
An addition to the Bolam test of the legal standard of care required in negligence actions, which states that a professional’s acts or omissions be assessed to see if (i) they accord with a ...
negligence

negligence  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Willful neglect that is implicitly or explicitly considered to be dereliction of duty and that justifies calling the responsible person(s) to account for what was done or not done.
negligence

negligence  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
N.1 Carelessness amounting to the culpable breach of a duty: failure to do or recognize something that a reasonable person (i.e. an average responsible citizen) would do or recognize, or doing ...
Bolam principle

Bolam principle   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Dentistry (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2020
Subject:
Medicine and health, Dentistry
Length:
115 words

...Bolam principle A test to determine the standard of care used by the legal profession to indicate that a practitioner has acted in accordance with a respectable body of medical opinion. It follows the judgement in a legal case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee (HMC) in 1957 . The standard of treatment expected of a dentist is the standard of the ordinarily skilled and competent dentist in that particular dental specialty. At any one time there may be several responsible bodies of opinion in a particular field or area of expertise, and one...

negligence

negligence n.   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Nursing (8 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2021
Subject:
Medicine and health
Length:
73 words

... [ neg -li-jĕns] n. failure by a health-care professional to exercise a reasonable standard of care, as defined in the UK by the Bolam and Bolitho tests. In order to establish negligence a claimant must show that the professional had a duty of care, that he or she breached this duty by falling below the expected standard of care, and that foreseeable harm was caused as a result of the professional’s...

negligence

negligence   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2022
Subject:
Law
Length:
304 words

...fewer heads of damage can be claimed in negligence than in breach of contract, but the rules limiting the time within which actions can be brought ( see limitation ) may be more advantageous for actions in tort for negligence than for actions in contract. See also Bolam test ; contributory negligence ; res ipsa loquitur ; social action, responsibility, and heroism...

negligence

negligence n.   Quick reference

Concise Medical Dictionary (10 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2020
Subject:
Medicine and health, Clinical Medicine
Length:
183 words

... n. failure by a health-care professional to exercise a reasonable standard of care, as defined in the UK by the Bolam and Bolitho tests , which ask whether the care provided fell short of that of a reasonable body of professional opinion and whether actions or omissions withstand logical analysis (the determination of which falls to the court). In order to establish negligence a claimant must show that a doctor had a duty of care, that he or she breached this duty by falling below the expected standard of care, and that foreseeable harm was caused...

medical negligence

medical negligence   Reference library

The New Oxford Companion to Law

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Law
Length:
955 words

...of negligent medical treatment, although not to parents who suffered as a result of careless investigation of suspicions that they had harmed their children. What the law requires of doctors in acting carefully was established in the case of Bolam v Friern Hospital ( 1957 ). According to the ‘Bolam test’, a doctor will not be found to have been negligent if the care provided—the diagnosis, information, or treatment—was the same as would have been provided by other competent doctors. The courts are not placed to choose between different bodies of...

duty of care

duty of care   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2022
Subject:
Law
Length:
290 words

...which one can reasonably foresee that one’s actions may cause physical damage to the person or property of others ( see neighbour principle ). The duty is owed to those people likely to be affected by the conduct in question. Thus doctors owe a duty of care to their patients ( Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [ 1957 ] 1 WLR 583 (QB)) and users of the highway have a duty of care to all other road users ( Nettleship v Weston [ 1971 ] 2 QB 691). However, there is no general duty to prevent other persons causing damage or to rescue persons or...

Rogers v Whitaker

Rogers v Whitaker (1992)   Reference library

The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2007
Subject:
Law
Length:
763 words

...Court was that a doctor has a duty of care to a patient to observe the standard of reasonable care and skill of an ordinary doctor in the particular area of specialisation. But how to define what ‘reasonable care’ meant? In its judgment, the Court rejected the English Bolam principle ( Bolam v Friern Hospital ( 1957 ), which stated that it was appropriate for a doctor to follow standards accepted by one responsible group of the medical profession, even if another group of doctors disagreed with the practice. The Court said there was a fundamental...

Martineau, James

Martineau, James (1805–1900)   Reference library

The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
Philosophy
Length:
4,092 words

...Harvey , T. E. Jessop and Henry Stuart (1938). Schneewind, J. B. , Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy (Oxford, 1977). Sell, Alan P. F. , Commemorations. Studies in Christian Thought and History (Calgary and Cardiff, 1993), chaps 1, 10. Short, H. L. , C. G. Bolam , Jeremy Goring and Roger Thomas , The English Presbyterians (1968). Sidgwick, Henry , Outlines of the History of Ethics , 6th edn (1931). Ralph Waller See also Ancient Philosophy ; Atheism ; Egoism and Altruism ; God, Concepts of ; God, Existence of ; Empiricism ; ...

Bolan Marc

Bolan Marc   Reference library

The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Music
Length:
952 words

...his singing career during the mid-60s folk boom. He completed several unsuccessful demo discs, including Dylan’s ‘Blowing In The Wind’, and he further failed a recording test at Abbey Road studios in 1965. Initially dubbed ‘Toby Tyler’, then Marc Riggs, Marc Bowland then finally Bolan. Either through his love of Dylan (Bo)b Dy(lan) or the fact that he shared a flat with the actor James Bolam, he adopted Bolan. Signed by the legendary Dick Rowe of Decca Records the artist’s debut single, ‘The Wizard’ was issued in November 1965. It was allegedly influenced...

School Leadership Preparation and Development in England

School Leadership Preparation and Development in England   Reference library

Philip A. Woods, Joy Jarvis, Amanda Roberts, and Suzanne Culshaw

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Educational Administration

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2021
Subject:
Social sciences
Length:
10,299 words

...P. Pashiardis (Eds.), International handbook on the preparation and development of school leaders (pp. 21–42). London, UK: Routledge. Bolam, R. (1999). Educational administration, leadership and management: Towards a research agenda. In T. Bush , L. Bell , R. Bolam , R. Glatter , & P. Ribbins (Eds.), Educational management: Redefining theory, policy and practice (pp. 193–205). London, UK: Paul Chapman. Bolam, R. (2004). Reflections on the NCSL from a historical perspective . Educational Management Administration & Leadership , 32 (3),...

Development of Cross-School Professional Learning Communities

Development of Cross-School Professional Learning Communities   Reference library

David Middlewood and Ian Abbott

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Educational Administration

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2021
Subject:
Social sciences
Length:
6,571 words

...the learning that may come from the inquiry’s findings. This of course sits well with what we said about the development of a learning community being in itself a learning process. Since the reviews of the literature of Professional Learning Communities such as those of Stoll, Bolam, McMahon, Wallace, and Thomas ( 2006 ) , perhaps the most notable development has been the movement across schools to collaborate; the next section addresses this. Collaboration Between Schools The individualist and isolationist approaches which lay at the heart of many...

Communities of Practice in Health and Risk Messaging

Communities of Practice in Health and Risk Messaging   Reference library

Nicola Andrew

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Health and Risk Message Design and Processing

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2018
Subject:
Social sciences
Length:
8,596 words
Illustration(s):
5

...experiencing feelings of belonging ( Andrew, McGuinness, Reid, & Corcoran, 2007 ; Andrew, McGuinness, Reid, & Corcoran, 2009 ). A learning community is similar to a CoP in that it “emphasises mutually supportive relationships and developing shared norms and values” ( Stoll, Bolam, McMahon, Wallace, & Thomas, 2006 , p. 225). When situated in an educational environment, it is less focused on the development of professionals and more orientated towards active and inclusive student participation in learning, teaching, scholarship, and curriculum design. In...

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