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Bolam test Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)
... test In cases of alleged clinical negligence , a test sometimes used to determine the standard of care owed to a patient by medical professionals. The case Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee ( 1957 ) 1 WLR 583 established that there will be no breach in their duty of care so long as the doctor acted in accordance with practices accepted as proper by a responsible body of other medical professionals with expertise in that particular area. However, subsequent cases have challenged this test, requiring the doctor to behave “reasonably” or...
Bolam test
Bolam and Bolitho tests Quick reference
Concise Medical Dictionary (10 ed.)
... and Bolitho tests where clinical negligence is claimed, tests used to determine the standard of care owed by professionals to those whom they serve, e.g. the standards of care provided to patients by doctors. The 1957 case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee established that if a doctor acts in accordance with a responsible body of medical opinion, he or she will not be negligent. In 1997 this standard of care test was amended by the case of Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority , which requires the doctor’s behaviour to satisfy...
Bolam and Bolitho tests n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Nursing (8 ed.)
... and Bolitho tests [ boh -lăm-bŏ- leeth -oh] n. where negligence involving medical treatment is claimed, tests used to determine the standard of care owed to patients by doctors or other health professionals. The 1957 case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee established that if a doctor acts in accordance with a responsible body of medical opinion, he or she will not be negligent. In 1997 this standard of care test was amended by the case of Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority , which requires the doctor’s behaviour to satisfy...
Bolam principle
Bolitho amendment
negligence
negligence
Bolam principle Quick reference
A Dictionary of Dentistry (2 ed.)
...Bolam principle A test to determine the standard of care used by the legal profession to indicate that a practitioner has acted in accordance with a respectable body of medical opinion. It follows the judgement in a legal case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee (HMC) in 1957 . The standard of treatment expected of a dentist is the standard of the ordinarily skilled and competent dentist in that particular dental specialty. At any one time there may be several responsible bodies of opinion in a particular field or area of expertise, and one...
negligence n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Nursing (8 ed.)
... [ neg -li-jĕns] n. failure by a health-care professional to exercise a reasonable standard of care, as defined in the UK by the Bolam and Bolitho tests. In order to establish negligence a claimant must show that the professional had a duty of care, that he or she breached this duty by falling below the expected standard of care, and that foreseeable harm was caused as a result of the professional’s...
negligence Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)
...fewer heads of damage can be claimed in negligence than in breach of contract, but the rules limiting the time within which actions can be brought ( see limitation ) may be more advantageous for actions in tort for negligence than for actions in contract. See also Bolam test ; contributory negligence ; res ipsa loquitur ; social action, responsibility, and heroism...
negligence n. Quick reference
Concise Medical Dictionary (10 ed.)
... n. failure by a health-care professional to exercise a reasonable standard of care, as defined in the UK by the Bolam and Bolitho tests , which ask whether the care provided fell short of that of a reasonable body of professional opinion and whether actions or omissions withstand logical analysis (the determination of which falls to the court). In order to establish negligence a claimant must show that a doctor had a duty of care, that he or she breached this duty by falling below the expected standard of care, and that foreseeable harm was caused...
medical negligence Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...of negligent medical treatment, although not to parents who suffered as a result of careless investigation of suspicions that they had harmed their children. What the law requires of doctors in acting carefully was established in the case of Bolam v Friern Hospital ( 1957 ). According to the ‘Bolam test’, a doctor will not be found to have been negligent if the care provided—the diagnosis, information, or treatment—was the same as would have been provided by other competent doctors. The courts are not placed to choose between different bodies of...
duty of care Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)
...which one can reasonably foresee that one’s actions may cause physical damage to the person or property of others ( see neighbour principle ). The duty is owed to those people likely to be affected by the conduct in question. Thus doctors owe a duty of care to their patients ( Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [ 1957 ] 1 WLR 583 (QB)) and users of the highway have a duty of care to all other road users ( Nettleship v Weston [ 1971 ] 2 QB 691). However, there is no general duty to prevent other persons causing damage or to rescue persons or...
Rogers v Whitaker (1992) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia
...Court was that a doctor has a duty of care to a patient to observe the standard of reasonable care and skill of an ordinary doctor in the particular area of specialisation. But how to define what ‘reasonable care’ meant? In its judgment, the Court rejected the English Bolam principle ( Bolam v Friern Hospital ( 1957 ), which stated that it was appropriate for a doctor to follow standards accepted by one responsible group of the medical profession, even if another group of doctors disagreed with the practice. The Court said there was a fundamental...
School Leadership Preparation and Development in England Reference library
Philip A. Woods, Joy Jarvis, Amanda Roberts, and Suzanne Culshaw
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Educational Administration
...P. Pashiardis (Eds.), International handbook on the preparation and development of school leaders (pp. 21–42). London, UK: Routledge. Bolam, R. (1999). Educational administration, leadership and management: Towards a research agenda. In T. Bush , L. Bell , R. Bolam , R. Glatter , & P. Ribbins (Eds.), Educational management: Redefining theory, policy and practice (pp. 193–205). London, UK: Paul Chapman. Bolam, R. (2004). Reflections on the NCSL from a historical perspective . Educational Management Administration & Leadership , 32 (3),...
Development of Cross-School Professional Learning Communities Reference library
David Middlewood and Ian Abbott
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Educational Administration
...the learning that may come from the inquiry’s findings. This of course sits well with what we said about the development of a learning community being in itself a learning process. Since the reviews of the literature of Professional Learning Communities such as those of Stoll, Bolam, McMahon, Wallace, and Thomas ( 2006 ) , perhaps the most notable development has been the movement across schools to collaborate; the next section addresses this. Collaboration Between Schools The individualist and isolationist approaches which lay at the heart of many...
Communities of Practice in Health and Risk Messaging Reference library
Nicola Andrew
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Health and Risk Message Design and Processing
...experiencing feelings of belonging ( Andrew, McGuinness, Reid, & Corcoran, 2007 ; Andrew, McGuinness, Reid, & Corcoran, 2009 ). A learning community is similar to a CoP in that it “emphasises mutually supportive relationships and developing shared norms and values” ( Stoll, Bolam, McMahon, Wallace, & Thomas, 2006 , p. 225). When situated in an educational environment, it is less focused on the development of professionals and more orientated towards active and inclusive student participation in learning, teaching, scholarship, and curriculum design. In...
Simple and Complex Views of Teacher Development Reference library
Jane Jones and Viv Ellis
Oxford Encyclopedia of Global Perspectives on Teacher Education
...de-emphasize externally provided, one-time continuing professional development (CPD) in favor of personalized, context-sensitive CPD processes that might include action research. Collaborative inquiry and research has been evidenced in, for example, teacher learning communities ( Bolam et al., 2005 ) and teacher rounds ( Del Prete, 2013 ). Such collaborative projects provide an opportunity to not just exchange ideas but challenge each other’s perspectives and change beliefs and mindsets. Farren ( 2008 ) , in research about information and communication...
Martineau, James (1805–1900) Reference library
The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy
...Harvey , T. E. Jessop and Henry Stuart (1938). Schneewind, J. B. , Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy (Oxford, 1977). Sell, Alan P. F. , Commemorations. Studies in Christian Thought and History (Calgary and Cardiff, 1993), chaps 1, 10. Short, H. L. , C. G. Bolam , Jeremy Goring and Roger Thomas , The English Presbyterians (1968). Sidgwick, Henry , Outlines of the History of Ethics , 6th edn (1931). Ralph Waller See also Ancient Philosophy ; Atheism ; Egoism and Altruism ; God, Concepts of ; God, Existence of ; Empiricism ; ...
