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Black Jews
Members of cults that emerged in Harlem, New York City, shortly after the First World War. Prophet F. S. Cherry, one of the first leaders of the Black Jews, maintained ...
Black Jews Reference library
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
... Jews . Members of cults that emerged in Harlem, New York City, shortly after the First World War. Prophet F. S. Cherry , one of the first leaders of the Black Jews, maintained that his followers were the true Israelites of the Bible, and that Jesus was black. Another important early Black Jewish figure was Arnold Ford from Barbados. Though grouped into a number of different sects, all Black Jews claim that they are descendants of Ethiopian Hebrews ( cf. FALASHAS ) who were deprived of their religion, sacred language (Hebrew), and names, during the era...
Jews, Black Reference library
Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present
...white Jews and Christians in the United States has been a tenuous one. Prince Ben Israel exacerbated this conflict between black Jews and both white Jews and Arabs by claiming that only those of black ancestry had a claim on Israel and that the Arabs were, in his eyes, Caucasians. However, the clash between black Jews and others has mostly been minor. By the early twenty-first century, black Jews numbered more than 200,000. Black Hebrew or black Jewish congregations include the African Hebrew Israelite of Jerusalem, the Church of God and Saints of Christ,...
Black Jews
Jewish Family Names Reference library
Alexander Beider
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
... ‘dark skinned’, negro ‘black’, and Saporta ‘the gate’ (plural form Sasportas ). The history of the surnames borne by Portuguese and Spanish Jews is also a history of forced conversions and reconversions. In 1492, of the Jews expelled by Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon, the largest group fled to neighboring Portugal and were welcomed by the king, Manuel I. Here, these Spanish migrants largely outnumbered the local Jewish communities. Four years later, however, Portugal enacted a similar law prohibiting Jews and requiring conversion,...
The Merchant of Venice Reference library
Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...flesh and the casket plots: Stephen Gosson ’s The Anatomy of Abuses ( 1579 ) refers to a now lost play called The Jew , which represents, he reports, ‘the greediness of worldly choosers and the bloody minds of usurers’. Whether or not this vaguely described play served as a source for The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare must have been conscious as he wrote his own play about a Jew of another, Christopher Marlowe ’s black farce The Jew of Malta ( c. 1589 ). In Marlowe’s play the titular Machiavellian villain-hero, Barabas, is betrayed by his daughter...
Israel and the Nations Reference library
Oxford Bible Atlas (4 ed.)
...Florus (64–6) became governor, Bernice appealed to him on behalf of the Jews, urging that he adopt a more conciliatory attitude towards them. There had been protests and demonstrations against Florus in Jerusalem which Florus had put down violently, with many Jews being killed. Herod Agrippa II, who investigated the situation, urged the Jews to submit to Roman authority and, at his suggestion, arrears in tribute were collected and repairs were made to the Temple precincts. But the Jews in Jerusalem soon turned against Agrippa; he was attacked with stones and...
Additions to Daniel Reference library
George J. Brooke and George J. Brooke
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...the Jews of antiquity, first appearing fully in the medieval versions of Josippon and in the Chronicles of Jerahmeel . Perhaps Susanna was never accepted by Jews either because it appears to contravene certain legal practices concerning witnesses (cf m. Sanh. 5:1 ) or because it undermines the authority of elders, or because it was seen as an inept introduction to Daniel. F. Outline. The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Jews The Prayer of Azariah Introduction (1–2) Azariah's Prayer (3–22) Narrative (23–7) The Song of the Three Jews...
Liberation Theology: Africa and the Bible Reference library
Gerald West
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...and black culture in order for it to possess apposite weapons of struggle that can enable black people to get underneath the biblical text to the struggles of oppressed classes’. Furthermore, Black Theology also needs to be ‘firmly and critically rooted in the Bible in order to elicit from it cultural-hermeneutical tools of combat’ with which black people can penetrate beneath both the underside of black history and culture and contemporary capitalist settler colonial domination to the experiences of oppressed and exploited working class black people. Similarly...
Romans Reference library
Craig C. Hill and Craig C. Hill
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...now one people in Christ, without distinction between Jew and Gentile ( Gal 3:28 ), then the church exists in a radically new age, from which one can radically critique what went before—especially the law, whose very stipulations drew the boundaries between Jew and Gentile. (An inevitable consequence of a realized eschatology is an increased sense of theological distance between insiders and outsiders, especially between Christians and (non-Christian) Jews; note the many pejorative references to ‘the Jews’ and ‘the world’ in Johannine literature.) The...
Jihad and the Modern World Reference library
Jackson Sherman
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...historical fact Jews and Christians have always proved themselves to be hostile to Muslims. As proof, he adduces several verses from the Qur'ân, which he takes to constitute scriptural evidence of the inherent beliefs and attitudes of Jews and Christians (rather than as a scriptural description of the attitude of particular Jews or particular Christians at particular places and times). In addition, he relates a series of historical events, from the Crusades to modern colonialism. From this it becomes clear that it is Qutb's belief that Jews and Christians...
Churches in Context: The Jesus Movement in the Roman World Reference library
Daniel N. Schowalter
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...cults eventually became a widely accepted part of the diverse religious practice in the empire, but the monotheistic Jews continued to be suspect. The movement of Jesus followers that grew out of Judaism was in its infancy during Tiberius's later years. Tiberius and his representatives would have had neither the ability nor the desire to distinguish between Jews who believed in Jesus as Messiah and the vast majority of Jews who did not. Any suppression of Judaism would have been felt equally by Jewish believers in Jesus, unless they had...
John Reference library
René Kieffer and René Kieffer
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...the dialogue does not continue. ( 11:33–41 a ) Jesus comes to the tomb. vv. 33–5 , the transition from the scene with Mary to the next scene is smooth. The Jews who followed Mary come to Jesus and are weeping with her. The NRSV ‘was greatly disturbed’ translates the Greek enebrimēsato , which implies anger. The hypotheses that have been produced about a possible Aramaic or Syriac background ( cf. Black 1967 : 240–3 ) do not sufficiently explain our actual text. Probably Jesus' anger is not so much directed against the lack of faith of those who are weeping...
2 The Sacred Book Reference library
Carl Olson
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...Judaic tradition Passed by oral tradition from one generation to another over centuries, the sacred writings of the ancient Jews did not constitute a single sacred scripture: their literature represented a collection of 24 separate books that they came to call the Bible (Gk biblia , ‘books’)—not the Old Testament, which was assembled later by Christians from a prejudicial and theological position. The separate books of the ancient Jews represented a narrative about God’s interaction with His chosen people. Within this dramatic narrative, the major themes of...
Acts Reference library
Loveday Alexander and Loveday Alexander
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...the two major groupings of converts in the Jerusalem church. The Hellenists are Jews whose major language is Greek (the international language of the eastern Mediterranean), and the Hebrews are Jews whose major language is Hebrew or Aramaic. The fact that all the seven have Greek names ( v. 5 ), and that Stephen immediately gets into dispute with members of a group of diaspora synagogues ( v. 9 ), suggests a diaspora connection, even though it is true that many Palestinian Jews also spoke Greek. The choice of candidates for this extension (or better,...
Galatians Reference library
G. N. Stanton and G. N. Stanton
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...uneasy about what were perceived to be Antioch's lax attitudes to table fellowship with Gentiles. The REB interprets the Greek quite differently: Peter ‘was afraid of the Jews’. The Jews may have been non-Christians. Longenecker ( 1990 ) and others accept R. Jewett's theory that at the time of the Antioch incident a rising tide of Jewish nationalism had provoked Jewish antagonism towards Jews who were thought to be adopting lax attitudes towards association with Gentiles. Under this political pressure, the Jerusalem Christians were ‘trying to take measures to...
