
Bithynia Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
... (Βιθυνία), a region of northwest Asia Minor, opposite Constantinople. Bithynia became a separate province in the early 4th C. Besides its capital, Nikomedeia , Bithynia contained a few important cities ( Nicaea , Chalcedon , Prousa ) and rich agricultural land. Although its cities were eclipsed by the growth of Constantinople, Bithynia prospered from its location on the trade and military routes between Constantinople and Anatolia. The suburban coastal region east of Constantinople flourished particularly as the seat of many rich villas. Bithynia...

Bithynia Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
...onward, Pontus and Bithynia underwent several administrative and territorial changes until the creation of the provinces of Bithynia, Honorias, Paphlagonia, and Hellenopontus in the fourth century. Bithynia was the birthplace of the orator Dio Chrysostom (from Prusa; born about 40 or 50 ce ) and the historian Cassius Dio (from Nicaea; born about 164 ce ). [ See also Anatolia ; Asia ; Bithynia, Kingdom of ; and Pontus, Kingdom of .] Bibliography Corsten, Thomas . “The Rôle and Status of the Indigenous Population in Bithynia.” In Rome and the Black...

Bithynia Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature (3 ed.)
... A territory belonging to a people of Thracian origin in north-west Asia Minor. Originally limited to the peninsula of Chalcedon, the Bithynians expanded east to Paphlagonia and south across the Propontis. Bithynia had one of the richest territories of Asia Minor, with good harbours and important highways. Their kings promoted Greek culture and founded many cities. Becoming ‘the province of Pontus and Bithynia’ in 63 bc , the territory continued to flourish under the Roman empire. The correspondence between Pliny the Younger (as proconsul) and the...

Bithynia Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
... , a territory in NW Asia Minor. Although much of the land is mountainous and covered with forest, the river Sangarius with its tributaries and the valleys that run back from the Propontis form fertile plains and provide easy communications. It was one of the richest regions of Asia Minor , possessing fine marble quarries and good harbours, and crossed by the main roads to the Anatolian plateau and to Pontus. In 75/4 King Nicomedes IV bequeathed Bithynia to Rome. In organizing the province of Pontus and Bithynia in 63 Pompey divided the land...

Bithynia Quick reference
A Dictionary of the Bible (2 ed.)
... Roman province, usually joined for convenience with neighbouring Pontus, in NW Asia Minor. Paul and * Silas had intended to preach there (Acts 16: 7) but were deterred either by opposition or by a prophetic message, which was afterwards regarded as divine intervention. However, by the time of 1 Pet. 1: 1, a Church had been...

Bithynia Reference library
Philipp Niewöhner
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
... Province of Dioecesis Pontica , with Nicomedia as metropolis, bordering the Sea of Marmara , Bosporus , Black Sea, and provinces of Honorias , Phrygia , and Hellespontus . Under the Tetrarchy , Nicomedia was also the principal residence of Diocletian . The province was created under Diocletian, when the former province of Bithynia et Pontus was subdivided, and appears in the Verona List (255 verso, 2) and, governed by a Consularis under the Praefectus Praetorio per Orientem , in the Notitia Dignitatum ( or . I, 70; II, 43; XXV, 3...

Bithynia (Turkey) Quick reference
Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (6 ed.)
...Bithynia , Turkey An ancient district in north-west Anatolia and bordered in the north and west by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara respectively. It is named after a local tribe, the Bithyni, who eventually developed a kingdom here which existed between 297 bc and 74 bc . The last king was Nicomedes IV (?–74 bc ) who, having ruled for about 20 years, handed over his kingdom to the Roman Republic in 74 bc ....

Bithynia Reference library
Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton and Stephen Mitchell
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
... Prusias (2) II ). In organizing the province of Pontus and Bithynia in 63 bc Pompey divided the land between eleven cities for convenience in maintaining order and collecting taxes. Much of the land, especially in the large territory of Nicaea (1), was split up into large estates. Despite heavy exploitation by the publicani in the 1st cent. bc , which led much land to be transferred to Italian owners, the region was to become very prosperous under the Roman empire. Pontus and Bithynia was at first governed by proconsuls, but the importance of the...

Bithynia, Kingdom of Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
..., Kingdom of A region in northwestern Asia Minor, Bithynia was bounded on the west by the Sea of Marmara and the Thracian Bosporus, on the north by the Black Sea, on the east by the River Billaeus (Filyos), and on the south by Phrygia Epictetus. Well watered by several rivers, streams, and lakes, Bithynia was one of the most fertile regions of Asia Minor, producing, in the words of Xenophon, “barley, wheat, beans of all kinds, millet and sesame, figs in abundance, plenty of grapes yielding a good sweet wine, and in fact everything except olives.” Bithynia...

Bithynia and Pontus Quick reference
Dynasties of the World (2 ed.)
... and Pontus Dynasty of Zipoites 328–280 Zipoites (autonomous dynast of Bithynia c. 328 bc ; assumed the title of king 297 ) 280–250 Nicomedes I (son) 250–230 Ziaelas (son) 230–182 Prusias I (son) 182–149 Prusias II (son) 149–127 Nicomedes II, Epiphanes (son) 127–94 Nicomedes III, Euergetes (son) 94–74 Nicomedes IV, Philopator (son; bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman People) Mithridatid Dynasty 302–266 Mithridates I (son of Mithridates of Cius ; autonomous dynast of Pontus c. 302 bc ; king 281 ) 266–250 Ariobarzanes (son) 250–220 Mithridates...

Bithynia Quick reference
New Oxford Rhyming Dictionary (2 ed.)
... • Campania , Catania, pannier • apnoea • Oceania , Tanya, Titania • biennia , denier, quadrennia, quinquennia, septennia, triennia • Albania , balletomania, bibliomania, crania, dipsomania, egomania, erotomania, kleptomania, Lithuania, Lusitania, mania, Mauritania, megalomania, miscellanea, monomania, nymphomania, Pennsylvania, Pomerania, pyromania, Rainier, Romania, Ruritania, Tasmania, Transylvania, Urania • Armenia , bergenia, gardenia, neurasthenia, ostopenia, proscenia, sarcopenia, schizophrenia, senior, Slovenia • Abyssinia , Bithynia,...

Bithynia

The Winter’s Tale Reference library
Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...in the 19th century, though Macready , Phelps , and (briefly) Irving all experimented with the role of Leontes: two conspicuous productions, however, were those of Charles Kean and Mary Anderson . Kean adopted Hanmer ’s long-discredited emendation of ‘Bohemia’ to ‘Bithynia’, setting this most historically eclectic of plays in a consistent ancient Greek period, his 1856 production decorated by meticulous reference to artefacts in the British Museum. This revival was vividly and exactingly burlesqued by the Brough brothers’ Perdita; or, The...

Chrysopolis

Demosthenes
