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Did you mean criticism, biblical, biblical criticism, modern, Ecological Biblical Criticism ... criticism, biblical, biblical criticism, modern, Ecological Biblical Criticism, biblical criticism, recent developments in, Race, Ethnicity, and Biblical Criticism, textual criticism of patristic and other post-biblical texts Show More Show Less
Biblical Criticism Quick reference
A Concise Companion to the Jewish Religion
... Criticism The close examination by modern biblical scholars of the composition, authorship, and text of the biblical books. The ‘lower criticism’ or textual criticism seeks to discover the original text as this left the hands of the final editors. The ‘higher criticism’ seeks to discover how the books were compiled, their sources, whether oral or written, and the process by which they came to assume their present form. The text handed down from generation to generation is known as the Masoretic Text, after the Masorah , the traditional form of the text....
criticism, biblical Quick reference
A Dictionary of the Bible (2 ed.)
..., biblical The examination of the books of the Bible with the resources of historical investigation, archaeology, palaeography, and linguistics. Biblical criticism, or the historical critical method, starts from a conviction that the heterogeneous collection of books which constitute the Bible were written in a variety of * genres for different purposes and readerships by human authors. A biblical critic is a scholar equipped with linguistic skills and literary or historical knowledge who tries to shed light on what the authors of the books were...
Biblical Criticism Reference library
Richard S. Briggs
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory
...to books. The phrase “biblical criticism” may thus differ from many adjectival phrases that modify the word “criticism”: whereas such labels as feminist or postcolonial criticism characterize the nature of the criticism in view, “biblical criticism” characterizes the nature of the text(s) in view. This does, however, point to the interesting possibilities of exploring “biblical” criticism in terms of forms of literary criticism that are “biblical” in some conceptual sense. Interestingly this is not a common concern of biblical critics, but it has...
biblical criticism, modern Reference library
Will Lamb
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
... criticism, modern If ‘biblical criticism’ suggests reading scripture in the light of the prevailing conventions of historical and literary criticism, then this kind of exegesis has been integral to biblical interpretation since earliest times: Josephus , the Jewish historian, employed many conventions of Graeco-Roman historiography in recounting OT history, Origen used his linguistic skills to compare Heb. and Gk translations of the OT, while Eusebius sought to counter pagan arguments by positing documentary evidence to authenticate the accuracy of...
Ecological Biblical Criticism Reference library
Arthur Walker-Jones
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Biblical Interpretation
... Ecological Biblical Criticism Ecological biblical criticism is the analysis of the Bible and biblical interpretation in relation to ecological science and principles of ecojustice. The philosophy of interpretation on which it is based is commonly called ecological hermeneutics. Ecological biblical criticism is most directly influenced by feminist and postcolonial biblical interpretation and has similarities to ecocriticism in literary studies. Ecological criticism shares with feminist criticism hermeneutical approaches that can be described as...
biblical criticism, recent developments in Reference library
Elizabeth Shively
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
... criticism, recent developments in Interdisciplinarity has marked the shifting methodological topography of biblical studies over the last 50 years. Before then, historical criticism was the dominant approach to interpretation. Under its influence, interpreters investigated the prehistory and formation of biblical texts through the use of source, form, and redaction criticism; and pursued the origins and chronologies of texts and authorial intentions. Since the 1970s, however, challenges to exclusively historical methods and positivist assumptions have...
Race, Ethnicity, and Biblical Criticism Reference library
Love L. Sechrest
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Biblical Interpretation
...and ideological biblical criticism. [ See also African Biblical Interpretations ; Asian American Biblical Interpretation ; Chinese Interpretation ; Cross-Cultural Exegesis ; Cultural Studies ; Feminist Biblical Interpretation ; Latina/o Interpretation ; Postcolonial Biblical Interpretation ; Postmodern Interpretation ; Reader-Response Criticism ; and Womanist Interpretation ] Bibliography Anderson, Cheryl . Ancient Laws and Contemporary Controversies: The Need for Inclusive Biblical Interpretation ....
textual criticism of patristic and other post-biblical texts Reference library
Andrew Louth
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
...criticism of patristic and other post-biblical texts Publications from before the age of printing (and even afterwards: see below) need to be established from surviving MSS by textual criticism. It first needs to be remarked, though obvious, that MSS of works from late antiquity (and this is even more true of texts from antiquity, whether Homer or Plato) only survive if someone, cents later, had enough interest in them to have them copied; many works have been lost because the originals and early copies have simply perished (they do not need to have been...
Biblical Criticism
General Introduction Reference library
John Barton and John Muddiman
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...in biblical studies the technical term ‘redactor’ tends to be preferred, and this branch of biblical criticism is thus known as ‘redaction criticism’. Once we know what were a biblical redactor's raw materials—which source and form criticism may be able to disclose to us—we can go on to ask about the aims the redactor must have had. Thus we can enquire into the intentions (and hence the thought or the ‘theology’) of Matthew or Luke, or of the editor of the book of Isaiah. Redaction criticism has been a particular interest in modern German-speaking biblical...
Feminist Scholarship Reference library
Yvonne Sherwood
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...indeed the biblical canon, but they also tend to prioritize the Bible and the Christian tradition over feminism as the basis of judgement. Not only are such approaches reductive but they completely bypass the interests of a critic like Mieke Bal, who emphatically maintains that she does not treat the biblical text as a ‘feminist manifesto’, or a uniformly patriarchal document, and considers this a misleading question to ask of her own—or indeed anyone else's—work. Classification by methodology can be more helpful: since feminist biblical criticism uses as wide...
Epilogue Reference library
John Rogerson
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...None of this change of perspective affects, of course, the communicative intention of the biblical writers in producing their texts; but it has affected how I understand my task as a practitioner of historical criticism, and to that extent I hope that it has enabled me to do the work better. Historical criticism has benefited, then, from its encounter with newer methods. But these newer methods need to benefit from historical criticism, especially a historical criticism informed by sociology and anthropology. I have argued that Giddens's sociological approach...
The Bible in Literature Reference library
David Jasper
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...in biblical criticism in the eighteenth century, not least the revolutionary ‘discovery’ of biblical poetics by Bishop Robert Lowth (1710–87), so that, in John Drury's words, ‘biblical criticism here enables biblical creativity, and in the mind of a poet who understands … the structure of the canonical books and will not “resist his genius”, the bounds of the canon are splendidly broken.’ Strangely, perhaps, the closest to Blake of eighteenth-century poets is the nonconformist hymn-writer Isaac Watts (1674–1748), in his sense of biblical dialectic,...
1700 to the Present Reference library
Ronald Clements
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
... Edward Gibbon (1737–94) whose history of the fall of the Roman empire became a model for writing critical, non-theological accounts of biblical history. photo AKG, London. During the Enlightenment in France such men as Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet, 1694–1778) and Denis Diderot (1713–84) had recognized that biblical history needed to be understood by the same canons of criticism as other history. Edward Gibbon (1737–94) had followed the French lead in subjecting the decline of the Roman empire and the rise of the Christian...
Liberation Theology: Africa and the Bible Reference library
Gerald West
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...recent trends in biblical scholarship—such as postmodernism, reader- response criticism, and liberation hermeneutics—push biblical scholarship in Africa in the direction of the ordinary ‘reader’. Thirdly, most African biblical scholars recognize that there are elements of ordinary readings in their own ‘scholarly’ reading processes. Fourthly, remaining connected to the various forms of contextual theology in Africa (including the theology of African women, Black Theology, African theology, etc.) requires that socially engaged African biblical scholars recognize...
18 Theories of Text, Editorial Theory, and Textual Criticism Reference library
Marcus Walsh
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...Ideal Copy ’, SB 33 (1980), 18–53 — ‘ Recent Editorial Discussion and the Central Questions of Editing ’, SB 34 (1981), 23–65 — ‘ Classical, Biblical, and Medieval Textual Criticism and Modern Editing ’, SB 36 (1983), 21–68 — ‘ Historicism and Critical Editing ’, SB 39 (1986), 1–46 — A Rationale of Textual Criticism (1989) — ‘ Textual Criticism and Deconstruction ’, SB 43 (1990), 1–33 — ‘ Textual Criticism and Literary Sociology ’, SB 44 (1991), 83–143 L. Theobald , Shakespeare Restored (1726) U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff , History of...
The Reformation to 1700 Reference library
David Wright
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...authorship of one or two minor epistles. Towards the end of our period, the French biblical scholar Richard Simon (d. 1712), in his ‘Critical History of the Old Testament’ (1678), by internal analysis concluded that Moses was not the author of the Pentateuch, although much of Simon's work was more conservative, countering the more radical critical opinion of Spinoza (d. 1677). But the extent to which Reformation impulses in biblical study anticipated later biblical criticism has often been overestimated. What is undeniable is that, in devoting to the...
The Apocrypha Reference library
Philip Davies
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
... ce used 1 Esdras rather than the biblical Ezra-Nehemiah may suggest that the biblical form of these books was not necessarily the standard edition in his own day. Challenges to the once widely held view that Chronicles-Ezra-Nehemiah was composed as a single work have complicated the picture further: the suggestion that 1 Esdras is a truncated version of the entire ‘Chronicler's work’ is now less plausible. Thus, it remains possible that the author of 1 Esdras wished to create an ‘Ezra story’ from the biblical material. Yet most scholars agree that ...
Liberation Theology: Latin America Reference library
M. Daniel Carroll R.
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...of the oppressed. Among liberationist technical biblical scholars several deserve special mention. In an early exegetical study spanning both testaments, Miranda sought to identify the basic message of the Bible. This, he proposed, is the constant divine demand for interhuman social justice, a stance with much in common with Marxism. Miranda makes extensive use of classical source and tradition criticism, yet he is critical of how such approaches have willingly ignored or misrepresented the pertinent biblical data. Pixley has also based much of his work on critical...
Bitter Lives: Israel in and out of Egypt Reference library
Carol A. Redmount
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...variety of sophisticated analytical methods have been brought to bear on the Exodus narrative since the advent of modern biblical scholarship in the nineteenth century ce . Initially, and until recently, critical methodologies concentrated on tracing the origins and historical development of the biblical narrative and stressed the predominantly historical character of the Bible. Textual criticism has sought to establish an original biblical text by comparing and contrasting all relevant documents surviving into the modern world. Thus, based on a gloss in the...
