Aitolia
(Αἰτωλία), a mountainous region in the western part of central Greece, between the Ambracian Gulf and the Gulf of Corinth; west of Aitolia lay Akarnania, a part of which occupied ...
Aitolia Reference library
Alexander Kazhdan
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
...of Aitolia. The names then disappeared from Byz. nomenclature, but were revived by historians of the 14th–15th C. ( Kantakouzenos , Gregoras , Laonikos Chalkokondyles ), who often used them side by side with Epiros and sometimes as synonyms for the latter ( TIB 3:39). The name Aitolia had been revived even earlier in ecclesiastical lists, and Naupaktos was called “of Nikopolis” or “of Aitolia” ( Notitiae CP 10.531). In the acts of the local council of 1367 the metropolitan of Naupaktos is titled “ hypertimos and exarch of all Aitolia” and the...
Aitolia
Thermon
Kalydon
Eurytaneia
Polykles Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
...(the most famous in Paris, Louvre ); a Boy Victor in Olympia ; a statue at Elateia in Aitolia ; and several works in Rome : a Hercules in the Temple of Ops; a marble Jupiter and Juno in their temples within the Portico of Octavian ( c. 146 bc and 179 bc respectively), joint works with Dionysios; a set of bronze Muses ; and a statue of a Macedonian, Koinos . In addition, nine works are recorded for other family members in Olympia, Aitolia and Rome . Since the Aitolian League honoured a Polykles in 210 bc , and several of his...
Eurytaneia Reference library
Anthony Cutler
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
..., modern province in central Greece. The ancient Eurytanes were a tribe in Aitolia . The rugged mountainous terrain of the region has led to its relative isolation; it contains a number of churches and monasteries, but most are post-Byz. (J.T.A. Koumoulides, GOrThR 30 [ 1985 ] 61–83). One of the most important Byz. monuments was the large 9th-C. domed church at Episkopi, 40 km west of Karpenision, dedicated to the Dormition (P.L. Vokotopoulos, He ekklesiastike architektonike eis ten dytiken sterean Hellada kai ten Epeiron [ Thessalonike 1975 ]...
Nikopolis Reference library
Timothy E. Gregory, Timothy E. Gregory, and Alexander Kazhdan
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
...the bishop Alkison. Attacked by the Vandals in 474/5 and the Ostrogoths in 551 , Nikopolis was restored by Justinian I . Its fate at the time of the Slavic invasions is uncertain. Constantine Akropolites , in the vita of St. Barbaros, describes an attack of the Hagarenes on Aitolia and the polis Nikopolis “that is called locally Maza” ( Papadopoulos - Kerameus , Analekta 1:408.16) during the reign of Michael II , but the accuracy of this late hagiographic evidence is doubtful. Nikopolis is identified as a metropolis in earlier notitiae, but seals of...
Nikopolis Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
...position on a peninsula between the Ionian Sea and the Ambrakian Gulf, with harbours on both waters, and the privileges given to it by many emperors made it a particularly important centre. It was a free Roman city; its initial settlers came from neighbouring cities in Epeiros, Aitolia and Akarnania that had suffered decline during the long years of war. From the time of Emperor Diocletian ( reg ad 285–305 ) it was the capital of the region of Epirus Vetus, and it had its own mint. In the Christian era it was the seat of a bishopric and a centre of...
Thermon Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
.... Ancient Greek sanctuary of Apollo located in the mountains around Lake Trichonis in Aitolia , north-west Greece , which flourished in Archaic and Classical times. It was the focus of Aitolian worship of Apollo and later the meeting-place of the Aitolian League. Its remains date from the Late Bronze Age ( c. 1600– c. 1050 bc ) to the sacking of the site by Philip V of Macedon in 218 and 206 bc and include three successive temples of Apollo, if the mysterious edifice known as Megaron B (variously dated between c. 1400 and c. 800 bc ) was...
Kalydon Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
... [ Calydon ] . Site of ancient Greek city in Aitolia on the northern side of the Corinthian Gulf, situated on two hills overlooking the plain of the River Euenos. It flourished from the Late Bronze Age until 30 bc , when its inhabitants were transferred to Nikopolis. It featured in Greek mythology as the home of Oineus and his sons Tydeus and Meleager and as the location of the Kalydonian boar-hunt, while the more northerly of its two hills was a Mycenaean acropolis and bears traces of possible Late Bronze Age fortifications. The area has also produced...
Greece Reference library
Alexander Kazhdan
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
..., the southern part of the Balkan peninsula, encompassing the Peloponnesos , Central Greece ( Attica , Boeotia , Akarnania, Aitolia ), Northern Greece ( Thessaly , Macedonia , Epiros ), and the islands of the Aegean and Ionian seas. The traditional concept of an economic decline of Greece during the late Roman period needs substantial revision: even though the destinies of individual cities differed ( Thessalonike flourished, while Athens stagnated), classical urban civilization prevailed in the 4th–6th C. and was able to overcome the attacks of...
Artists Reference library
Anthony Cutler
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
...Merkourios on Kerkyra, built and decorated the church (P.L. Vocotopoulos, CahArch 21 [ 1971 ] 152f). Nicholas , who signed the collar of St. Stephen 's sticharion and, together with a certain John , painted the frescoes of the Monastery of the Holy Apostles at Neromana in Aitolia in 1372/3 (S.K. Kissas, EESM 3 [ 1971–72 ] 48, 52). Nicholas and his spiritual son Daniel, who in 941 decorated a MS of the homilies of Gregory of Nazianzos (Patm. gr. 33) in Reggio di Calabria ( D. Mouriki , N.P. Ševčenko in Patmos, Treasures of the Monastery [Athens...
Delphi Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
...with an expression of spiritual energy. (iii) Hellenistic and Roman . During the 3rd and 2nd centuries bc many cities and rulers erected monuments at Delphi , though the bronze statues that were part of them have now disappeared. All that remains of an allegorical effigy of Aitolia is the base with its sculpted trophy. The battle frieze from the Pillar of Aemilius Paulus commemorating the Romans’ victory over Perseus of Macedonia at Pydna is significant mainly for its secure date of 168 bc . Several large marble statues come from the exedrae on the...
Coins Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
...NY (b) General and stylistic development . In a Greek world now dominated by the Hellenistic kingdoms there were fewer civic coinages of a size to rival the regal issues. Only the most powerful independent city-states, such as Rhodes , and leagues of cities (e.g. in Achaia, Aitolia and Thessaly) issued substantial precious-metal coinages. However, widespread production of fractional silver and bronze coinages continued at cities under the domination of the Hellenistic kingdoms. The civic coins had designs of local relevance, often employing themes already...
Pottery Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
...the Peloponnese show little sign of any settled eg or mg phase. Arcadian lg was strongly influenced by the pottery of the Argolid . The other regions— Achaia, Elis and Messenia —shared a West Greek lg style that lasted well into the 7th century bc and spread to Aitolia , Acarnania and Ithaka . There are local differences between the lg pottery of these regions, but all shared a preference for a tall kantharos and a common debt to Corinth in the decoration, consisting of small, widely spaced motifs in narrow zones encased between large...
