Academy of Athens
Teaching college founded by Plato, around 387 bc. Although knowledge of its organization is fragmentary, it appears to have favoured a teaching method based on discussion and seminars. The ...
fingering slave
Physician art thou?—one, all eyes,Philosopher!—a fingering slave,One that would peep and botanizeUpon his mother's grave?(William Wordsworth, ‘A Poet's Epitaph’ (1800), lines 17–20)Wordsworth's ...
Gunter, Pete Addison Yancy, III
(1936–)Pete A. Y. Gunter was born on 20 October 1936 in Hammond, Indiana. After a nine-year residence in New York, the family moved to Texas. Gunter holds BA degrees ...
comprehension
Term introduced by Arnauld in Port-Royal Logic, for the attributes determining whether a term applies. Now superseded by intension.
existential generalization
The process of inferring from a particular proposition (‘Fred is bald’) the corresponding existential quantification (‘someone is bald’).
Joseph Sortain
(1809–60)Joseph Sortain was born in Bristol on 20 July 1809 and died in Brighton on 16 July 1860. According to his obituarist, ‘[Micaijah] Towgood's Letters on Dissent quenched his ...
Kenneth Jay Spalding
(1879–1962)K. J. Spalding was born in Eastbourne on 17 March 1879 and died in Surrey on 20 January 1962. His father was H. B. Spalding. He married Amy Katherine ...
Richard Morris Zaner
(1933– )Richard Zaner was born on 20 September 1933 in Duncan, Arizona. After completing a BS in 1957 at the University of Houston, he received his MA (1959) and ...
William Wollaston
(1660–1724)William Wollaston was born at Coton- Clanford, Staffordshire on 26 March 1660 and died on 20 October 1724. After an unpropitious start in life as a sickly younger son ...
John Ferrie
(d. 1872)John Ferrie was born in Glasgow, probably in the early 1790s, and died in Holywood, County Down on 20 July 1872. He was Professor of Moral Philosophy at ...
projectibility
A property of predicates, measuring the degree to which past instances can be taken to be guides to future ones. The fact that all the cows I have observed have been four-legged may be a reasonable ...
redefinition, high/low
Term introduced by the 20th-century American philosopher Paul Edwards for the manoeuvre of redefining a term more or less tightly, so that an apparently false statement is made true if interpreted in ...
constitutive/regulative
Distinction used by Kant to reconcile the conflict of reason with itself, as illustrated in the antinomies of pure reason. Regulative principles are maxims of thought, deriving from our interest in ...
constructive empiricism
A position in the philosophy of science associated with the 20th-century Canadian philosopher Bas van Fraassen (The Scientific Image, 1980). Constructive empiricism divides science into observation ...
relative identity
The view advocated by the 20th-century English philosopher Peter Geach according to which the identity statement ‘a=b’ needs interpreting as ‘a is the same F as b’ where F is a kind-term or sortal. ...
Rudolf Arnheim
To explore the work of Arnheim, a contemporary psychologist of art, this entry comprises two essays:Survey of ThoughtDynamics of ArtThe first is an overview essay about Arnheim's psychology of art ...
William Cleghorn
(1754–83)William Cleghorn was born at Cramond just outside Edinburgh and died in Dublin on 20 April 1783. His father, John, a farmer, died in 1774 leaving a widow and ...
datum
(Latin, what is given)A piece of evidence considered as fixed for the purpose in hand. What is taken as a datum may change as changes of theory and evidence arise. Something would be absolutely a ...
Henry Batchelor
(1823–1903)Henry Batchelor was born in Crouch End, Middlesex on 20 June 1823 and died at Weston-super-Mare on 10 January 1903. Destined for the Congregational ministry, he entered Newport Pagnell ...
Richard Alliott
(1804–63)Richard Alliott was born in Nottingham on 1 September 1804 and died in Birmingham on 20 December 1863. The son and grandson of Congregational ministers, he was educated at ...
