Corruption and the Governance of Disaster Risk Reference library
David Alexander
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards Governance
...Crime Organized crime is one of the greatest sources of corruption ( Sandu & Nitu, 2013 ). Mafia-style organizations exist in many countries, with greater or lesser degrees of definition, articulation, and influence. The most highly organized of them are international crime syndicates that thrive on the proceeds of extortion, corrupt business activities, and undue political influence. The most successful mafias operate on two levels: direct criminal activity and a front of apparently legitimate business. Crime can generate vast revenues that are then...
Natural Hazards Governance in Nigeria Reference library
Steve I. Onu
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards Governance
... 2012 16. International conventions and treaties signed by the Nigerian government. Institutional Enactments. The national awareness of environmental hazards in Nigeria was heightened in the wake of the dumping of nuclear waste in the Port of Koko in 1988 by an Italian syndicate. This led to the enactment of the Federal Environmental Protection Act (FEPA) Act of 1988 , the Harmful Waste (special criminal provision) Act of 1988 and the National Environmental Policy (NEP) in 1991 . The National Environmental Standards Regulatory and Enforcement Agency...
Countering Climate Science Denial and Communicating Scientific Consensus Reference library
John Cook
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Climate Change Communication
...denial expand into a comprehensive array of arguments against the realities of climate change. An expanded version of the taxonomy, taken from SkepticalScience.com ( Figure 3 ), was adopted by Elsasser and Dunlap ( 2012 ) , who analyzed climate misinformation published by syndicated conservative columnists. They found that the most popular argument adopted by conservative columnists from 2007 to 2010 , was “there is no consensus.” As shall be examined later in this article, perceived consensus has been observed to be a strong predictor of perceptions...
Journalistic Depictions of Uncertainty about Climate Change Reference library
James Painter
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Climate Change Communication
...pieces, the content was virtually always dismissive of climate skeptic arguments, whereas in the WSJ, it was virtually all supportive ( Painter & Ashe, 2012 ). Elsasser and Dunlap ( 2013 ) have found that in the United States op-eds about climate change are often written by syndicated conservative columnists, who are largely political commentators. Other comparative studies have endorsed the view that “Anglosphere” countries such as Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States exhibit much more skeptical views than other industrialized countries or ...
Communicating about Nuclear Energy and Climate Change Reference library
Shirley S. Ho
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Climate Change Communication
...across other countries. Focusing on U.S. media discourse about nuclear energy between 1945 and 1989 , Gamson and Modigliani, ( 1989 ) analyzed television news ( ABC, CBS, NBC ), newsmagazines ( Time, Newsweek , U.S News & World Report ), editorial cartoons, and syndicated opinion columns. From the 1950s to the years prior to the Three Mile Island accident in 1979 , social and economic progress was the most prominent frame in the news media. The energy crisis of the 1970s stimulated a second pro-nuclear energy independence frame. However, the...
