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subspecies

A group of individuals within a species that breed more freely among themselves than with other members of the species and resemble each other in more characteristics. Reproductive ...

Marot, Clément

Marot, Clément (1496–1544)   Reference library

The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2005
Subject:
Literature
Length:
696 words

...to patrons or friends, e.g. ‘Au roi pour avoir été dérobé’ (a request for money) and ‘A son ami Lyon’ (a plea to his lifelong friend Lyon Jamet to secure his release from prison). Virtually all the Épîtres are in decasyllabic rhyming couplets, but the coq‐ à‐l'âne , a sub‐species of the épître , are ludic, anarchic, satirical poems written in octosyllables. Many of his Épigrammes , the best of them wittily satirical, show the influence of classical writers such as Martial. Among them, the two blasons , ‘Du beau tétin’ and ‘Du laid tétin’, which...

Travel Writing

Travel Writing   Reference library

Judith E. Funston

The Oxford Companion to Women's Writing in the United States

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2005
Subject:
Literature
Length:
1,162 words

...Writing . A broadly defined genre, travel writing embraces journals , guidebooks, sketches, essays, and books; in all these forms American women writers have made significant contributions. Paul Fussell in Abroad ( 1980 ) defines travel writing as “a sub-species of memoir in which the autobiographical narrative arises from the speaker's [sic] encounter with distant or unfamiliar data, and in which the narrative—unlike that in a novel or romance—claims literal validity by constant reference to actuality.” Although Fussell's definition excludes...

Frottola and Barzelletta

Frottola and Barzelletta   Reference library

T. Wlassics and C. Kleinhenz

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics (4 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2017

...of ballata , composed in octosyllables ( ottonari ), and thus came to be referred to increasingly as frottola-barzelletta , i.e., a joke with didactic content. In the course of the century, this became an important medium for serious moral instruction. The barzelletta is a subspecies of the It. 15th-c. carnival song ( canto carnascialesco ), written for musical setting in octosyllables and often following the structure of the ballata grande in which the ritornello or refrain often has the rhyme scheme abba . The barzelletta became very popular in the...

proto-science fiction

proto-science fiction n   Reference library

The Oxford Dictionary of Science Fiction

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2007

...then writing in Western literature, who wrote either proto-science fiction or fantasy verging on science fiction. 1988 B. Stableford Beginnings J. Gunn New Ency. of SF 42/2 By 1895 American proto–science fiction was sufficiently distinct and recognizable as a literary subspecies for Edgar Fawcett, in the preface to The Ghost of Guy Thyrle , to offer a manifesto on its behalf. 1989 A. Panshin & C. Panshin World beyond Hill 76 There is one Romantic document that is sometimes offered as a proto-SF story with a setting in the Future—Edgar Allan...

horror

horror n   Reference library

The Oxford Dictionary of Science Fiction

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2007

...after year, throw in a little space and fancy words, and the public will take to it in a big way. 1972 R. Hodgens Brief, Tragical History of SF Film W. Johnson Focus on SF Film 82 The story is regarded as one of the most original and effective science fiction stories, “subspecies horror.” 1992 K.K. Rusch Mag. of Fantasy & SF (Feb.) 7/1 Science fiction, fantasy and horror are becoming more realistic, with settings closer to home. 2005 D. G. Hartwell In Praise of David Drake New York Rev. of SF 5/2Feb. This military sf is not military...

Darwinism

Darwinism   Reference library

Allan H. Simmons

Oxford Reader’s Companion To Conrad

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Literature, Literary studies (19th century)
Length:
711 words

...in ‘Falk’, whose protagonist eats human flesh in order to keep himself alive. In The Descent of Man , Darwin played into the hands of late 19th-centruy white-supremacists with his suggestion that some races (many of which he refers to as ‘savages’) can be regarded as sub-species, and that the moral sense that distinguishes man from other species has found its highest expression among Caucasians. So, for instance, John Westlake could argue in Chapters on the Principles of International Law ( 1894 ) that ‘uncivilized’ parts of the world should be...


         ECONOMY

ECONOMY   Reference library

Frédéric Langer

Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2017
Subject:
Philosophy, Literature, Literary reference works
Length:
2,120 words

...and administration of a “house,” that is, in the Homeric era, a manorial estate. In French, économie , like the adjective économe , refers to a virtue or quality, a kind of prudence; the result of the exercise of that virtue ( faire des économies ); a social science and its subspecies ( économie appliquée , économie monétaire ); the object of those sciences ( économie des pays développés ); finally, the harmony or organization of the parts of a whole ( économie libidinale ) ( see OIKONOMIA ). Except for this last sense, which can be applied to anything...


         PLEASURE

PLEASURE   Reference library

Charles Baladier, Clara Auvray-Assayas, Jean-François Balaudé, Barbara Cassin, Jean-Pierre Cléro, and Baldine Saint Girons

Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2017
Subject:
Philosophy, Literature, Literary reference works
Length:
12,291 words

...(pain)? The register of Unlust is very broad. 1. Lust and Unlust in Kant Kant makes Lust a genus within which he distinguishes two species, sensible and intellectual: the former divided into sensual and aesthetic, and the latter into theoretical and practical subspecies. Hence, there are several sources of ambiguity in translations. When we read in French versions of the Critique of Judgment that the feeling of respect for moral ideas “n’est pas un plaisir” (is not a pleasure), we have to realize that Kant does not use Lust here, but...

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