spies Reference library
Doug Lee
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
... and spying The Romans and Persians are both reported as having long-established bodies of state-supported spies (Gk. kataskopoi ) who infiltrated enemy territory, including the palace , to learn of enemy plans ( Procopius , Pers . I, 21, 11; Anecd . 30, 12). Disguise as merchants is particularly mentioned, consistently with both empires’ concern to control cross-frontier trade , thereby restricting opportunities for espionage ( CJust IV, 63, 4 [408]). Use of spies on other frontiers is less well attested, although northern Britain had a unit...
Sergius Catilina, Lucius
Persian Wars
computer
Procris Reference library
Emily Kearns
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
...snakes and scorpions) and, being a great huntress, was presented by him with a hound which never missed its mark, which in turn she gave to Cephalus. Having then tricked her husband with his own method, she remained suspicious of him, and was accidentally killed by him while spying on him as he was hunting. Her father Erechtheus then buried her and prosecuted Cephalus. For bibliog. See cephalus ; also J. Davidson, Mnemosyne 50 (1997), 165–84 LIMC 7. 1 (1994), 529–30. Emily...
Cephalus Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
...by Eos , by whom he had a son. On returning to his wife, he disguised himself in order to test her fidelity, but found it wanting. Procris fled in shame to Crete , but on her return she tried the same trick, with the same result. Cephalus accidentally killed her when she was spying on him as he went hunting, and was brought to trial at the Areopagus by her father. Exiled from Attica, he took part with his inescapable hound in the hunt of the Teumessian fox, and finally went to...
Narses (ad 478–573) Reference library
L. Michael Whitby
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
...general. In 530 / 1 he exploited local contacts to welcome Persarmenian deserters, while in 532 his role in suppressing the Nika riot was crucial. In 535 Theodora used him in Alexandria (1) to reinstate a Monophysite bishop (Narses' doctrinal attachment), and in 541 to spy on her enemy, John the Cappadocian. Quarrels with Belisarius blighted his first military command in Italy (538–9), but he returned as commander-in-chief in 551 after careful preparations in Thrace and recruitment of Heruli and Lombards . He defeated the Ostrogoths ( see ...
Pentheus Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
...to recognize his deity or to allow his worship. Pentheus imprisons Dionysus, in ignorance of his true identity and seeing him simply as a corrupting influence on the women of Thebes; but Dionysus escapes, and, by making Pentheus mad, inveigles him up on to Mt. Cithaeron to spy on the maenads there. Pentheus, deranged and himself dressed as a maenad, is torn to pieces by the women led by his mother Agave. She carries his head home in triumph, believing it to be that of a lion killed in the hunt, where she is gently brought to sanity and grief by...
Rhesus Reference library
Andrew L. Brown
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
..., a Thracian ally of Priam . Iliad 10 (a post-Homeric addition) tells how Odysseus and Diomedes (2) , learning of his arrival before Troy from the Trojan spy Dolon, stole into his camp, killed him and twelve of his men, and carried off his magnificent horses. Other authors told of a prophecy that, if his horses had fed or drunk at Troy, the city could not have fallen (so Verg. Aen. 1. 469–73), or alternatively credited him with some fighting at Troy before his death. The story is also the subject of the Rhesus attributed to Euripides . While...
Pentheus Reference library
Jennifer R. March
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
...to recognize his deity or to allow his worship. Pentheus imprisons Dionysus, in ignorance of his true identity and seeing him simply as a corrupting influence on the women of Thebes; but Dionysus escapes, and, by making Pentheus mad, inveigles him up on to Mt. Cithaeron to spy on the maenads there. Pentheus, deranged and himself dressed as a maenad, is torn to pieces by the women led by his mother Agave. She carries his head home in triumph, believing it to be that of a lion killed in the hunt, where she is gently brought to sanity and grief by...
Cephalus Reference library
Emily Kearns
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
...by whom he had a son usually named Phaethon. On returning to his wife, he disguised himself in order to test her fidelity, but found it wanting. Procris fled in shame, but on her return tried the same trick, with the same result. Cephalus accidentally killed Procris when she was spying on him as he went hunting, and was brought to trial at the Areopagus by her father Erechtheus. Exiled from Attica, he took part with his invincible hound in the hunt of the Teumessian fox, and finally went to Cephallenia where he became the father of the eponyms of the four ...
Cerberus Reference library
Alan H. Griffiths
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
...of the Erymanthian boar he terrified Eurystheus with the captive beast. The scene was already depicted in Archaic art on the so-called ‘Throne of Amyclae ’ (Paus. 3. 18. 13); a Caeretan hydria in the Louvre handles the theme with magnificent exuberance. S. Woodford and J. Spier , LIMC ‘Kerberos’; K. Schefold , Gods and Heroes in Late Archaic Greek Art (1992), 129–32. Alan H....
Nestor Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
...elder statesman, the archetypal wise old man, but one still strong and valiant. He is always ready with advice: he tries to make peace between Achilles and Agamemnon , and later suggests the Embassy to Achilles, giving the ambassadors many instructions; he also suggests the spying raid on Hector 's camp in which Dolon is killed; he even offers Antilochus advice on chariot‐racing which he himself admits is superfluous. He is much given also to long, rambling stories of the distant past, rich in reminiscences of his own achievements. But he is always...
Consular diptych Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
...A. Cameron : Consular Diptychs in their Social Context: New Eastern Evidence, J. Roman Archaeol. , xi (1998), pp. 384–403 K. Bowes : Ivory Lists: Consular Diptychs, Christian Appropriation and Polemics of Time in Late Antiquity , A. Hist. , xxiv/3 (June 2001), pp. 338–57 J. Spier : A Lost Consular Diptych of Anicius Auchenius Bassus (AD 408) on the Mould for an ARS Plaque , J. Roman Archaeol. , xvi (2003), pp....
Nestor (1) Reference library
Jennifer R. March
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
...still strong (11. 635 f.) and valiant in battle. He is always ready with advice: he tries to make peace between Achilles and Agamemnon (1. 254 ff.), and later suggests the Embassy to Achilles (9. 111 ff.), giving the ambassadors many instructions ( 179 ); he also suggests the spying raid on Hector 's camp in which Dolon is killed (10. 204 ff.); he even offers to his son Antilochus advice on chariot-racing which he himself admits is superfluous (23. 306 ff.). He is much given also to long, rambling stories of the distant past, rich in reminiscences of his...
Catiline Reference library
Ernst Badian
The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization (2 ed.)
...to champion the cause of the poor and dispossessed: dissolute aristocrats, bankrupt Sullan veterans, and those whom they had driven from their lands. Again defeated for 62, he organized a widespread conspiracy with ramifications throughout Italy. Cicero, kept informed by his spies, could not take decisive action owing to lack of sufficient support, for Catiline—an old Sullan, a patrician, and now a demagogue—was both popular and well connected. In November Cicero succeeded in frightening Catiline into leaving Rome to join a force of destitute veterans in...
Sergius Catilīna, Lūcius Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
...gained the support of Caesar and Licinius Crassus , but was defeated by Cicero . He then began to champion the cause of the poor and dispossessed. Again defeated for 62 , he organized a widespread conspiracy with ramifications throughout Italy. Cicero, kept informed by his spies but lacking support, could not take decisive action, for Catiline—an old Sullan, a patrician, and now a demagogue—was both popular and well connected. In November Cicero succeeded in frightening Catiline into leaving Rome to join a force of destitute veterans in Etruria. Soon...
Catiline Quick reference
Ernst Badian
Who's Who in the Classical World
...to champion the cause of the poor and dispossessed: dissolute aristocrats, bankrupt Sullan veterans, and those whom they had driven from their lands. Again defeated for 62, he organized a widespread conspiracy with ramifications throughout Italy. Cicero , kept informed by his spies, could not take decisive action owing to lack of sufficient support, for Catiline—an old Sullan, a patrician, and now a demagogue—was both popular and well connected. In November Cicero succeeded in frightening Catiline into leaving Rome to join a force of destitute veterans in...
