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sabre‐toothed tiger Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...tiger Popular name for a prehistoric member of the cat family (Felidae) that existed from the Oligocene period to the Pleistocene period. It had extremely long canine teeth adapted to killing large herbivores. Subfamily Machairodontinae, genus Smilodon...
Bhopal Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...State capital of Madhya Pradesh , central India. Founded in 1728 , it is noted for its terraced lakes, mosques and prehistoric paintings. In 1984 poisonous gas from the Union Carbide insecticide plant killed c .2500 people, the world's worst industrial disaster. Bhopal is an industrial and trade centre with food processing, electrical engineering, flour milling and cotton textile industries. Pop. ( 2005 )...
milk Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...Liquid secreted from mammary glands by the females of nearly all mammals to feed their young. The milk of domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, horses, camels and reindeer has been used as food by humans since prehistoric times, both directly and to make butter , cheese and yogurt. Milk is a suspension of fat and protein in water, sweetened with lactose...
Native North American art Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...by the indigenous peoples of North America. The Inuit of the Arctic area have been producing ivory carvings since prehistoric times and are also noted for their ceremonial masks (made from driftwood or whalebone). The nw region is best known for its totem poles , while in California, basket-weaving and pottery were specialities. Similar crafts were practised by the Pueblo people of the sw , who also created remarkable prehistoric wall paintings. The decoration of animal hides was popular in the Great Plains, while in the Eastern Woodlands, there was...
bridge Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...Structure providing a continuous passage over a body of water, roadway or valley. Bridges are built for people, vehicles, pipelines, or power transmission lines. Bridges are prehistoric in origin, the first probably being merely logs over rivers or chasms. Modern bridges take a great variety of forms including beams, arches, cantilevers, suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges. They can also be movable or floating pontoons. They can be made from a variety of materials, including brick or stone (for arches), steel or...
Louvre Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...France's national museum and art gallery in Paris. It holds a collection of more than 100,000 works, including paintings, drawings, prints, and sculpture from all over the world, from the prehistoric period to the late 19th century. Originally a royal palace, the Louvre became a fully fledged museum in the 18th century and opened as the first national public gallery during the Revolution in 1793...
Great Salt Lake Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...Salt Lake Large, shallow saltwater lake in nw Utah, USA. Fed by the Bear, Weber, and Jordan rivers, its depth and area vary with climatic changes. The heavy brine supports only shrimp and algae. It is the remnant of the prehistoric Lake Bonneville, which covered much of the Great Basin of North America. Bonneville Salt Flats, famous for land speed records, lies in the Great Salt Desert. Area: varies from c .2,500sq km (960sq mi) to c .6,200sq km (2,400sq...
megalith Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
... ( lit. huge stone ) Prehistoric stone monument. Historians usually apply the term to the gigantic slabs that form stone circles, half circles and rows in n Europe. These constructions date from the neolithic and early Bronze Age . One of the best-known and complex examples is Stonehenge ( c .2100–2000 bc ). Megaliths existed long before the first stone buildings of Mycenean Crete. See also dolmen ; ...
Stonehenge Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...Circular group of prehistoric standing stones within a circular earthwork on Salisbury Plain, s England, 13km (8mi) n of Salisbury. The largest and most precisely constructed megalith in Europe, Stonehenge dates from the early 3rd millennium bc although the main stones were erected c .2000–1500 bc . The large standing bluestones were brought from sw Wales in c .2100 bc . The significance of the structure is...
Chibcha Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
... ( Muisca ) Late prehistoric culture in South America. Bogotá and Tunja were the main centres. The Chibcha culture flourished between 1000 and 1541 , and rivalled the Inca in political sophistication. The inhabitants, c .750,000, developed remarkable city-states. Their pottery, weaving and goldsmithing were inferior to Inca work. The Chibcha were conquered by the Spanish ( 1536–41 ). In modern times, Chibcha refers to a Native American language family, whose speakers inhabit s Panama and n ...
Celtic art Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...art Artworks produced by Celts during the prehistoric La Tène period. This period is normally subdivided into four periods: Early Style (after c. 480 bc ); Waldalgesheim Style (after c. 350 bc ); Plastic Style (after c. 290 bc ); and Hungarian Sword Style (after c. 190 bc ). Characterized by swirling, abstract design, Celtic art found its fullest expression in metalwork and jewellery. The term is also applied to the La Tène-influenced early Christian art of W Europe, such as the Book of Kells...
barrow Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...In archaeology, a prehistoric burial mound. Various types of barrow are found, but in Europe they are usually either long or round. Long barrows were built in the neolithic period, and consisted of a long vault built of huge stones, roofed with stone slabs and covered with soil or chalk. Many long barrows were used for multiple burials. Round barrows primarily date to the early Bronze Age , but some in England were built as late as Roman and Saxon times. Usually containing a single body, round barrows vary in diameter from 1.5–50m (4.5–160ft) and...
migration Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...migrate between fresh and salt water or from one part of an ocean to another. Birds usually migrate along established routes. Mammals migrate usually in search of food. For thousands of years, the deserts of central Asia widened inexorably resulting in the human migration of pre-historic tribes to China, the Middle East and Europe. Another migration occurred in the 14th century when the Maori left their overpopulated homes in the islands of central Polynesia to settle in New...
boat Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...Vehicle for passenger and freight transport by water. Today, it usually refers to a craft that can be removed from the water - a larger vessel is called a ship . The first boats, made in prehistoric times, included rafts, hollowed-out logs and vessels made from plaited reeds. Among the first maritime peoples were the Phoenicians. They built fleets of galleys, propelled by sails and oars, for their extensive trading in the Mediterranean and adjoining areas. The later Viking long-boats, also square-sailed, were slimmer and speedier. Lateen (triangular) sails...
Australian art Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...art Term applied to art produced by Native Australians and also that produced by descendants of European settlers. The art of Native Australians dates back to prehistoric times. They painted on a variety of surfaces, including rock, bark and shells. The most remarkable examples are the so-called X-ray paintings in Arnhem Land, in which hunters depicted the internal anatomy of the beasts they killed, and the wondjina figures, which were found near water holes in the nw . European influence on the continent dates from 1788 , when the first penal...
Sweden Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...snow for more than six months in the north. In summer there is little difference between the N and S. Most areas have an average temperature range between 15°C and 20°C [59-68°F]. History The settlement of Sweden began at the close of the last Ice age, c. 8,000 years ago. In prehistoric times it was a centre of the Nordic Bronze Age ( c. 1800-600 bc ). A succession of wealthy cultures developed advanced bronze-smithing and were influential across N Europe. The end of the Bronze Age was marked by worsening climate and declining population, and the region did...
Denmark: 811 - 2005
...Norway Wars since 1900 1940 1940 April 9 - German ships and marines occupy the harbours of neutral Denmark and Norway Narvik, naval battles at The Oxford Companion to World War II 1 1940s Second World War 20th century War Europe Germany Norway Wars since 1900 1950 1950 A prehistoric victim of strangling is found in Tollund Moss in Denmark, with part of the noose still round his neck Tollund, Denmark The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology 2 1950s 20th century Science Europe 1957 1957 Danish architect Jørn Utzon wins the competition to design Sydney...
Spain: c. 15,000 years ago - 2006
...offers an end to forty years of royal feuding Isabel II of Spain (1830–1904) The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History 1 19th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe 1879 1879 The young daughter of an amateur archaeologist discovers the first known example of prehistoric art, in a cave at Altamira in Spain Altamira, Spain The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology 2 19th century Arts Painting Europe 1883 1883 Antoni Gaudí begins a life-long commitment to the building of a modern cathedral in Barcelona, El Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada...
Europe: c. 800,000 years ago - 2011
...opera Eugene Onegin , based on Pushkin's poem, has its premiere in Moscow Onegin, Eugene A Dictionary of Opera Characters 2 19th century Performing arts Music Opera Russia 1879 1879 The young daughter of an amateur archaeologist discovers the first known example of prehistoric art, in a cave at Altamira in Spain Altamira, Spain The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology 2 19th century Arts Painting Spain 1879 1879 The ancient Irish game of hurling is formalized by the newly founded Irish Hurling Union hurling The Oxford Companion to Irish History...
