Economics and Law Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Law
...believed that interpersonal comparisons of utility were possible, and justified broad-based policies of wealth redistribution. Second, Progressives engaged in Law and Economics were generally more interested in legislation than in common-law rules, and tended to be optimistic about the use of regulation to achieve goals in the public interest. The academic foundation of Progressive Era Law and Economics crumbled with the rise of “ordinalism” in the 1930s and after. The Progressives had assumed that economists could make interpersonal comparisons of utility....
Trial Procedure Reference library
Shalom E. Holtz
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Law
...is important to note, however, that terms related to rîb/mādôn do not occur in all descriptions of interpersonal disputes, and that not all ancient disputes eventuated in adjudicatory proceedings. Nevertheless, speeches in dispute narratives do seem to follow patterns that suggest forensic conventions of some kind, even if the connections between these conventions and formal adjudicatory procedures are difficult to determine ( Bovati, 1994 ). Interpersonal disputes begin with a spoken complaint. This can be expressed as a simple declarative sentence, such...
Torts Reference library
David Partlett
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Law
...law was widened to allow adequate protection of these interests, imposing legal responsibility on persons who acted either intentionally or negligently to invade protected interests. The courts instilled attitudes of virtue in the form of prudence, charity, and benevolence in interpersonal relationships. Tort law and the Bible. The early law of torts had close affinity with the “law” as expressed in the Hebrew Bible. This law was expressed in the Torah, the first five books of Moses in the Hebrew Bible. In terms of its intent, biblical law shared much in common...
Decalogue Reference library
Edward L. Greenstein
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Law
...to fellow humans. The fifth command, enjoining respect for one’s parents, is understood as transitional, since parents are the creators of the child as God is the creator of humanity. While there is no denying the divine focus of the first several commands and the interpersonal focus of the last six, the first five commandments are distinguished, as said above, by the fact that they are justified. These elaborations account for a large part of the disparity in length between the first and second parts of the Decalogue. The Justifications. The first ...
Russia Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...reception of canon law and perhaps the foundation for reducing to written form the enactments of the princes and the customary rules applied. There is a strong supposition that the Slavic peoples inhabiting the lands of what became Kievan Rus had fashioned definite rules for interpersonal and interclan or intertribal behavior long before the Kievan princes consolidated their authority. Whether the earliest surviving compilations of Russian laws, the Russkaia Pravda (Justice of the Rus), represented a creative codification of law or a reduction to writing of...
Contemporary Jewish Religious Movements Reference library
Elliot N. Dorff, Michael J. Broyde, Mark Goldfeder, and Mark Washofsky
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Law
...entire subject matter of the Jewish legal system, including public, private, ritual, and civil law. It legislates not only that which is legal (things that law can compel or prohibit), but also the ethical and moral dimensions of daily life, and it includes obligations both interpersonal and between humans and their Maker. Halakha encompasses practically all aspects of human behavior and experience; life-cycle events, joy and grief, agriculture, commerce, personal, social, national, and international concerns, to name just a few. There are though a number of...
Health Reference library
Ross Mullner and Wan-ting Lin
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in Contemporary Politics, Law, and Social Movements
...including healthcare providers. Personalismo. Many Latinas and Latinos stress the importance of personalismo (“personal relationships”) rather than institutional relationships. Trust and interpersonal comfort are critical components of the relationship between the person who is ill and the healthcare provider. Personalismo also involves the physical interpersonal space between the patient and the provider. Latinas and Latinos generally prefer being closer to each other in space than do non-Latina and non-Latino whites. Simpatia. Simpatia (“kindness”)...
Amartya Sen Reference library
Encyclopedia of Human Rights
...maximization calculus may be quite irrational. Traditional welfare economics opposed the redistribution of wealth from the rich to the poor; each individual's economic choices were thought to produce the most efficient use of scarce resources. By contrast, when making interpersonal comparisons, Sen offered empirical evidence of relative deprivation. The illiterate poor may not choose education because of ignorance of its value. Observers placing themselves in the shoes of both the wealthy and the destitute are better able to assess the most just outcome. John...
Catholicism Reference library
Encyclopedia of Human Rights
...based on a more optimistic moral epistemology. Rather than championing, as did Augustine, the individual person's worth as breaking beyond merely temporal bounds, Thomas presented the individual person as a constitutive element of a political order that is inherently both interpersonal and oriented to essential human fulfillment. For Thomas, law is a rule of reason that only has intelligible significance because it is rationally received by the individual person as subject. Thomas presented a right of self-preservation and rights of marriage and family as...
