Oxford Reference Search Results

Psychoanalysis and Women   Reference library

Juliet Flower MacCannell, Cynthia J. Davis, Cynthia J. Davis, and Jane Gallop

The Oxford Companion to Women's Writing in the United States

...(m)other. For this and other theories involving interpersonal relations, Klein is often credited for founding psychoanalysis's object relations school. Others who receive credit include her student D. W. Winnicott , who drew attention not only to the internalized but also to the actual mother's role in development. Winnicott is also noted for theorizing the importance of “transitional objects,” such as toys, dolls, or even pieces of cloth. Other important pioneers who in diverse ways address interpersonal relations include W. R. D. Fairbairn, Harry Guntrip,...

Edwards, Jonathan   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature

...God, they responded emotionally and physically, sometimes weeping, fainting, or simply being filled with a sense of the glory of God. On an interpersonal level, such rapturous experiences had very practical applications. They led directly to the reformation of immoral behavior and the ending of old quarrels through “the confession of faults” and the “making up of differences.” Ultimately, the personal and interpersonal effects had a profound social effect. The people of Northampton and the surrounding communities had an evangelical concern for “the salvation...

Japanese Fiction   Reference library

The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation

... to rescue the project of translating his final tetralogy when the first two volumes did not live up to their expectations, and Seidensticker himself agreed to translate the final volume. Translation was most assuredly driven by the personal tastes of the translators and the interpersonal associations they had with Japanese authors in the 1960s and 1970s, most particularly since this was the period before the advent of the literary agent in Japan. Translation agreements (often not even written into formal contracts until after western publishers were drawn into...

Drama in French. The beginnings to 1900   Reference library

The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature (2 ed.)

...During the 1960s and 1970s—a period of strong self-affirmation in Quebec—most playwrights, following the lead of Gratien Gélinas and Marcel Dubé rather than international currents, were preoccupied with dramatizing local issues related to language, culture, and interpersonal relations in plays with mostly linear plots; though some, like Michel Tremblay , added formal concerns. The eighties brought about several important changes, including an emphasis on the so-called nouvelle dramaturgie , as well as on imagistic drama: revolutionary ways of...

Metaphor   Reference library

W. Martin

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics (4 ed.)

...at them,” it would have been a meta-phor. In one case, according to Aristotle, the comparison is explicit (using like or as ); in the other, the word lion is “transferred” to Achilles, but the meaning is the same. Quintilian endorsed Aristotle’s view of metaphor as a condensed simile: “in the latter we compare some object to the thing which we wish to describe, whereas in the former the object is actually substituted for the thing.” What Black has called the “comparison view” of metaphor is based on the grammatical form “A is B”; metaphor is seen as a...

Comedy   Reference library

Yi-Hsin Hsu

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory

...in “vulgar buffoons”—could easily make this abuse “shameful” because it implies a lapse of rational restraint and nonchalance toward the victim of the joke. 29 Thomas Hobbes further introduces the element of pride and self-comparison to the superiority theory. Laughter arises when men feel self-satisfaction via “comparison with another man’s infirmities or absurdity.” 30 Although the drive to achieve superiority over others is a natural condition of mankind, the false satisfaction attained through laughter is not needed in self-sufficient “great...

Discourse Analysis   Reference library

Andrea Macrae

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory

...linguistics distinguishes between experiential, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions of language, each of which creates a kind of meaning (simultaneously with the others). The experiential function (sometimes referred to as the ideational function) is the use of language to present experience and worldview. In analysis of the experiential function, Halliday focuses on patterns of transitivity, looking at the selection and portrayal of participants, processes, and circumstances. The interpersonal function is the means by which authors express and...

Pinter, Harold   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature

...titles might suggest, are far quieter plays than those that preceded them; both are one-acts, and both consist not of dialogue but intercut monologues (in Landscape between a married couple, Beth and Duff; in Silence between three characters, Rumsey, Bates, and Ellen). Interpersonal communication has been entirely eliminated; rather than fighting over the right to write the past, as the characters do in The Homecoming or, more pointedly, in No Man's Land , in these two plays the struggle to write one's own narrative is struggle enough. To readers and...

Harrison, Tony   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature

...poems are often exiled and alienated, their alienation is mitigated. They resist the tags of “sellout” and “softy” by performing physical exertion: digging, sawing, fire making, sex (for example, in “Cypress and Cedar” and “The Lords of Life”). They seek and find solace in interpersonal and erotic, rather than social and familial, relations. Libidinous release sometimes brings oblivion and sometimes brings a sense of connection; to the woman, to the life force, in a way that Harrison associates with the pulse of life and the beat of meter. Arguing that sex...

Pedagogy   Reference library

Philip Mead and Brenton Doecke

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory

...Barnes, Becoming an English Teacher , (Sheffield, UK: National Association for the Teaching of English, 2000), 47; Barnes’s vision of culture as inhering “in the interpersonal and social interaction” of the classroom is akin to Raymond Williams’s vision of “culture as ordinary,” which was likewise enunciated in reaction to Leavis’s understanding of culture. See Doecke et al. (2014) for a comparison of Barnes and Williams. 46. See Stephen Ball, Anthony Kenny, and D. Gardiner, “Literacy, Politics and the Teaching of English,” in Bringing English to Order: The...

Sympathy and Empathy   Reference library

Rae Greiner

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory

...30 Empathy (if we can call it that) is both “pre-reflective” and selfish, a form of self-love rather than altruistic care. In the mid- 20th century , psychological experiments attempted to peel apart the idea of sympathetic projection from empathetic sociality and interpersonal relations. As Susan Lanzoni points out, psychologists began to differentiate “true” empathy, defined as the accurate appraisal of another’s thoughts or feelings, from what they called “projection.” In 1955 , Reader’s Digest defined the term, which was new to the public outside...

Reception in the Digital Era   Reference library

DeNel Rehberg Sedo

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory

...Long, Claire Squires, Shafquat Towheed, Rosalind Crone, and Katie Halsey, among others, illustrate that reading has been always a socially embedded process. 12 The “social infrastructure” of books and reading is “a network composed of intersecting material, technical, interpersonal, institutional, and discursive relations.” 13 Shared reading is at once a social process and a social formation. 14 In the first instance, when analyzing a reader’s individual reading practice, accounting for the social structures that bring a book into the hands of a...

Sublime   Reference library

Ian Balfour

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory

...they hardly conform to any set pattern or standard shape. The sublime seems much harder to achieve in prose than in poetry, despite the sovereign fictions of a Flaubert, an Austen, or a Tolstoy, either with the immense canvas of War and Peace or the psychological and interpersonal intensities of Anna Karenina . If the sublime does surface in extended fictions, it usually does so as a momentary eruption only to be contained by the encompassing plot. Gothic fiction constitutes something of a counterexample to this tendency, as notoriously in the...

EIDÔLON (GREEK)   Reference library

Gérard Simon

Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon

...family. Besides eikôn (image, representation, as well as comparison and indication), we find verbs such as eiskô [ εἴσϰω ‎], “to make similar,” “to compare to” (in Homer and Sappho), and eikazô , “to represent by an image,” “to deduce from a comparison,” “to conjecture.” The group formed by eikazô and its related terms, according to Chantraine (RT: Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque , s.v. eoika ), “illustrates the shift from the sense of ‘image, resemblance’ to that of ‘comparison, conjecture.’ ” Eikasia [ εἰϰασια ‎], for example,...

From Nationalist Movements to Transnational Solidarities: Comparative and Pan-Latina/o Literary Studies   Reference library

Marta Caminero-Santangelo

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latina and Latino Literature

...interaction and socialization—although once again differences in background (Puerto Rican versus Cuban exile) and the political differences those backgrounds largely shape divide any coherent panethnic Latina community, serving this time as an actual flashpoint of interpersonal violence between the Cuban American narrator and her Puerto Rican girlfriend (an advocate for Puerto Rican independence from the United States). In Dominican American writer Junot Díaz’s debut (and semiautobiographical) short story cycle Drown ( 1996 ), one of the stories,...

Queer of Color Critique and Queer Asian North American Women’s Literature   Reference library

Martin Joseph Ponce

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature and Culture

...to trauma, though in highly unsentimental ways. 84 The text addresses issues that also surface in the works of Kitty Tsui, Merle Woo, Shani Mootoo, and Kai Cheng Thom—colonialism, migration, political activism, intergenerational continuity and conflict, state-generated and interpersonal trauma—but engages with queer female sexualities in unprecedented ways. Castillo largely leaves aside the construction of racialized gender-sexual deviancy and stereotypes through colonial, national, and popular culture discourses and concentrates more on the mercurial...