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interpersonal comparisons

Comparing the welfare of one individual with that of another. The welfare level of an individual is measured by a utility function. Utility can be ordinal so that it is no more than a ...

Institutional Linguistics

Institutional Linguistics   Reference library

International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2003
Subject:
Linguistics
Length:
12,335 words

...). Bibliography Agar, Michael . 1985. Institutional discourse . Text 5.147–168. Bazerman, Charles , and James Paradis , eds. 1991. Textual dynamics of the professions . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Beck, Christina S. , and Sandra L. Ragan . 1992. Negotiating interpersonal and medical talk: Frame shifts in the gynaecological exam . Journal of Language and Social Psychology 11.47–61. Cicourel, Aaron V. 1990. The integration of distributed knowledge in collaborative medical discourse. Intellectual teamwork: The social and technological...

Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics   Reference library

International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2003
Subject:
Linguistics
Length:
11,108 words

...by Ulrich Ammon et al., pp. 219–229. Berlin: de Gruyter. Hymes, Dell . 1993. Anthropological linguistics: A retrospective . Anthropoligcal Linguistics 35:9–14. Kim, Young Yun . 1991. Intercultural communicative competence: A systems-theoretic view. In Cross-cultural interpersonal communication , edited by Stella Ting-Toomey and Felipe Korzenny , pp. 259–275. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage. Kramsch, Claire . 1997. The privilege of the nonnative speaker . Publications of the Modern Language Association 112(03): 359–369. Ochs, Elinor , and Bambi B....

Linguistics and Literature

Linguistics and Literature   Reference library

International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2003
Subject:
Linguistics
Length:
28,004 words

...Fillmore's Case Grammar; and Halliday's Systemic-Functional Grammar, with its roots in Prague School functionalism. In these theories, diverse structures—lexical, phrasal, and clausal—are related systematically to common functions/uses/meanings: logical, ideational, interpersonal, and textual. This theoretical organization is especially useful in demonstrating how stylistic choices can cohere into larger organic forms. For instance, many stylisticians in the 1960s and 1970s demonstrated how formal choices—basic clause pattern, subordination,...

Communication

Communication   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Rhetoric

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
8,101 words

...people use to influence each other in interpersonal situations. [ See Persuasion .] With the growing popularity of the human potential movement and associated therapeutic conceptions of communication in the 1960s and 1970s, the traditional focus of communication research on persuasion and social influence processes was criticized. As an alternative to such manipulative, “rhetorical” uses of communication, research was needed to promote more humane and therapeutic functions of communication such as interpersonal bonding, group cooperation, and conflict...

Fallacies

Fallacies   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Rhetoric

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
4,433 words

.... Oxford, 1992. Walton, Douglas N. A Pragmatic Theory of Fallacy . Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995. Walton, Douglas N. Fallacies Arising from Ambiguity . Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996. Walton, Douglas N. , and Erik C. W. Krabbe . Commitment in Dialogue. Basic Concepts of Interpersonal Reasoning . New York, 1995. — Frans H. van...

Argument Structure and Morphology

Argument Structure and Morphology   Reference library

Jim Wood and Neil Myler

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Morphology

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2021
Subject:
Linguistics, Language reference
Length:
14,615 words
Illustration(s):
50

...for deriving ‘kill’ from ‘cause to die’ in Japanese. In J. P. Kimball (Ed.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 1, pp. 125–137). New York, NY: Academic Press. Shibatani, M. , & Pardeshi, P. (2002). The causative continuum. In M. Shibatani (Ed.), Grammar of causation and interpersonal manipulation (pp. 85–126). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins. Sigurðsson, E. F. (2017). Deriving case, agreement and voice phenomena in syntax (Doctoral dissertation). University of Pennsylvania. Spathas, G. , Alexiadou, A. , & Schäfer, F. (2015). Middle voice...

Morphology in Arawak Languages

Morphology in Arawak Languages   Reference library

Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Morphology

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2021
Subject:
Linguistics, Language reference
Length:
14,889 words
Illustration(s):
40

... & G. K. Pullum (Eds.), Handbook of Amazonian languages (Vol. 3, pp. 355–499). Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Mouton Payne, D. L. (2002). Causatives in Ashéninka: The case for a sociative source. In M. Shibatani (Ed.), Causatives: The grammar of causation and interpersonal manipulation (pp. 485–505). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins. Payne, J. K. (1989). Lecciones para el aprendizaje del idioma Ashéninca . Série Lingüística Peruana 28. Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico del Verano. Pet, W. J. A. (1987). Lokono Dian, the Arawak...

First Language Acquisition of Morphology

First Language Acquisition of Morphology   Reference library

Dorit Ravid

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Morphology

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2021
Subject:
Linguistics, Language reference
Length:
17,234 words

...devices, preschoolers first mark agent and instrument nouns in spontaneous and elicited productions ( Clark & Berman, 1984 ), followed by place and collective morphology during the school years ( Ravid, 2004 ; Ravid, Avivi-Ben Zvi, & Levie, 1999 ). Maturing cognitive and interpersonal skills and the consolidation of linguistic literacy usher in abstract reasoning and increasing analytic capability ( Crone, 2009 ; Fortman, 2003 ; Lee et al., 2018 ; Ravid & Tolchinsky, 2002 ), which find expression in complex words typical of written, academic language...

Web 1.0/Web 2.0

Web 1.0/Web 2.0   Quick reference

The Oxford Companion to the English Language (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2018

...centring around shared interests in people, events, or organizations. Web 2.0 environments are also increasingly multimodal, with users relying on both language (text) and other semiotic resources (image, sound) for the exchange of information and the negotiation of interpersonal relationships. With respect to linguistic scholarship online this shift has been important: not only has it prompted a flurry of scholarship on these new environments and new usages, but the increased social nature of the web has prompted an upsurge in research on identity,...

face

face   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Semiotics

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2007
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
1,527 words

...expression continues apace, driven not only by intellectual curiosity but also by the belief that discoveries in this field might find application in a variety of areas including communication processes in general, psychiatry and health‐care, and the social psychology of interpersonal relations. There has been considerable progress evident in the systematic accumulation of knowledge, especially since the late 1970s. New technological developments such as digital‐image analysis and computerized “morphing” methods might accelerate this progress even further....

pictorial semiotics

pictorial semiotics   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Semiotics

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2007
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
1,997 words

...analysis of pictorial signs remains open to debate. The Australian School, focused on the work of Michael O'Toole ( 1994 ), derives its principles from the linguistic theory of M. A. K. Halliday , in which every work realizes some alternative from among the ideational, interpersonal, and textual “macro‐functions” that O'Toole, borrowing from traditional art criticism, renames the representational, modal, and compositional functions. The first function relates to the participants and processes in the real world, the second concerns the way in which this...

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