interleukin-20 Quick reference
A Dictionary of Biomedicine (2 ed.)
...interleukin-20 ( IL-20 ) One of the IL-10 family of cytokines, produced by monocytes and keratinocytes, and an autocrine factor for keratinocytes. The receptor is up-regulated dramatically in psoriatic skin....
interleukin-20
interleukin-19
interleukin-25
interleukin-34
interleukin
interleukin 13
colony-stimulating factor
lymphokine
immune response
cytokines Quick reference
A Dictionary of Genetics (8 ed.)
...a group of small proteins (5–20 kilodaltons) involved primarily in communication between cells of the immune system. Unlike hormones of the endocrine system, which can exert their effects over long distances, cytokines usually act locally on nearby cells. The term includes interleukins, interferons, lymphokines, and tumor necrosis factors ( all of which see ). Compare with autocrine...
interleukin-19 Quick reference
A Dictionary of Biomedicine (2 ed.)
...interleukin-19 ( IL-19 ) A cytokine of the IL-10 family (melanoma differentiation associated protein-like protein, 177 aa), produced by activated monocytes and B cells; induces IL-6 and TNF α production by monocytes and the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 by activated T-cells; shares its receptor with IL-20 and...
interleukin-25 Quick reference
A Dictionary of Biomedicine (2 ed.)
...interleukin-25 ( IL-25 ) A member of the IL-17 family of immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-17E; SF20, a homodimer of 177 aa subunits), produced by Th2 cells. It has a role in allergic inflammation by up-regulating IgG and IgE production, eosinophil levels, and inflammatory responses, through induction of IL-4, IL-5, and...
cytokines Quick reference
A Dictionary of Biomedicine (2 ed.)
...cytokines A rather loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are released by cells and that affect the behaviour of other cells. Normally taken to include interleukins , lymphokines, chemokines and several related signalling molecules such as tumour necrosis factor and interferons but not hormones or growth factors except perhaps transforming growth factor β (TGF β ). http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi A very valuable encylopaedia of cytokines and cells (22 600 entries), created, developed, and maintained by Prof. Dr H...
chemokine Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
... or intercrine any of a subgroup of cytokines acting primarily as chemotactic agents that cause accumulation of leukocytes into tissues. They are secreted in response to inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin 1, THFα), bacterial products, or viral infection. They are basic polypeptides (8–10 kDa), more than 40 of which are known and showing 20–70% homology. Subdivison into four families is on the basis of the number and relative position of their cysteine residues. More than a dozen G‐protein‐associated cytokine receptors activate phospholipase C....
Crohn's disease Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
...enteritis a chronic inflammatory disease that usually affects the ileum and colon, and frequently runs in families. The inflamed lesions are rich in the inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukins 1, 6, and 12 and tumour necrosis factor α. Homozygosity for a mutation in a gene (called NOD2 ) on chromosome 16 increases the risk of the disease by a factor of 20–40. NOD2 encodes an intracellular protein that contains 2 caspase‐recruitment domains, a nucleotide‐binding domain, and 10 leucine‐rich sequence repeats in the C‐terminal region. It may have a...
interleukin-10 Quick reference
A Dictionary of Biomedicine (2 ed.)
...interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ) A cytokine (cytokine synthesis inhibiting factor, CSIF, TGIF, a homodimer of 160 aa subunits) produced by Th2 cells, some B cells, and LPS-activated monocytes. IL-10 regulates cytokine production by a range of other cells and is an inhibitor of immune responses. Individuals show marked variation in IL-10 secretion in response to LPS and the variation has a strong genetic component. The IL-10 family (IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29) is highly pleiotropic and although there are shared receptors and...
rheumatology Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Medicine (3 ed.)
...are being developed. These target the dysfunctional immune system using the body's own chemical mediators (manufactured by recombinant DNA technology) to reduce the immune mediated inflammatory response. Examples include tumor necrosis factor, soluble Fc receptor, and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. These medications are aimed at specific targets of the inflammatory process which we know are involved in rheumatoid arthritis. Corticosteroids such as prednisone are quite effective in controlling inflammation, but their long-term side-effects (such as...
immunology Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Medicine (3 ed.)
...cells. Immune responses fall into two general categories: natural or innate and acquired. The two arms of acquired immunity are cellular immunity and humoral immunity. In cellular immunity, antigens presented by macrophages activate T cells to release signaling molecules (interleukins and cytokines), which stimulate specific subtypes of T cells, or activate B cells, to differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells. The two important classes of T cells are the T helper cell and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte. The T helper cell, of which there are two...
Physiological Measures of Wellness and Message Processing Reference library
Kory Floyd, Corey A. Pavlich, and Dana R. Dinsmore
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Health and Risk Message Design and Processing
...immunoglobulin M ( Glaser, Mehl, Penn, Speicher, & Kiecolt-Glaser, 1986 ). Commonly measured cytokines include interleukin-1 β ( Pugh et al., 1999 ), interleukin-2 ( Rapaport & Stein, 1994 ), and interleukin-6 ( Goebel, Mills, Irwin, & Ziegler, 2000 ). In most cases, higher levels of antibody or cytokine correspond to stronger immune function, but two exceptions are worth noting. Proinflammatory cytokines—such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor- α —are elevated in response to systemic inflammation and therefore reflect weaker...
