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Overview

courtesy Books

Subject: Literature

A book that gives advice to aspiring young courtiers in etiquette and other aspects of behaviour expected at royal or noble courts. This kind of work—sometimes written in verse—first ...

Chivalry

Chivalry   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
History, Military History, Social sciences, Warfare and Defence
Length:
15,141 words
Illustration(s):
3

...of the prose romance of Lancelot . The models of knighthood presented through the Arthurian romances were indeed particularly significant. Arthur’s court was a kind of headquarters of chivalry from which Arthur’s knights set out on their adventures and to which they returned; courtesy and courtliness, the style and manners appropriate to a court, thus acquired a place beside martial prowess among the virtues to be expected of an ideal knight. And it was through such stories as those of Lancelot and Tristan that the troubadour ethos of courtly love was...

From Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect

From Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect   Reference library

Kurt Mills and Cian O’Driscoll

The International Studies Encyclopedia

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2017
Subject:
Social sciences, Politics, Warfare and Defence
Length:
12,535 words

...to humanitarian intervention treats human rights as a function of sovereignty. This approach was adopted by a number of authors, such as Deng et al. ( 1996 ) , Mills ( 1998a ) , Weiss and Chopra ( 1992 ) , and others in the 1990s, but received its most high profile expression courtesy of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty ( ICISS ) in 2001 . ICISS was commissioned by the Canadian government to prepare a report – subsequently published as The Responsibility to Protect – in light of the humanitarian crises of the 1990s and...

Low Countries

Low Countries   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
History, Military History, Social sciences, Warfare and Defence
Length:
13,845 words
Illustration(s):
2

... Top : Three men-at-arms decapitate a man at the town gates while an alderman offers the town keys to a group of knights. Middle : The castellan ( left ) is attacked by three men-at-arms and is eventually decapitated ( right ). Bottom : The banners of the Flemish army. © Courtesy of The Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford/The Bridgeman Art Library International another daughter of the duke, tried to benefit from the absence of a male heir. War erupted between the two principalities in 1356–1357 . Although the Brabançons were defeated at Scheut on...

The Evolution of International Organization as Institutional Forms and Historical Processes to 1945

The Evolution of International Organization as Institutional Forms and Historical Processes to 1945   Reference library

Bob Reinalda

The International Studies Encyclopedia

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2017
Subject:
Social sciences, Politics, Warfare and Defence
Length:
10,982 words

...professionalization that was taking place also in national ministries. The staff was either appointed by the national government charged with the supervision of the secretariat (a form later abandoned), or by the governing board, council, or commission if this existed. Out of courtesy, the secretary, later secretary-general, mostly was a national of the country in which the secretariat was situated, with staff members recruited from the civil services of the participant member states. Given the usefulness of the services delivered, most governments paid their...

Germany

Germany   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
History, Military History, Social sciences, Warfare and Defence
Length:
34,325 words
Illustration(s):
7

...enduring a German cavalry charge and the death of their commander. Thietmar of Merseburg estimated imperial casualties to have been roughly four thousand men killed and massacred after capture, including some of Otto’s most dependable commanders. The emperor himself escaped courtesy of a Greek ship, and died in Rome in December 983 while preparing a new campaign against the Saracens. Otto III. Assessments of German military activity grow progressively more difficult after the death of Otto II , in part because of the increasingly fragmented nature of...

UK

UK   Reference library

John Gooch, Angus Calder, J. M. Lee, M. R. D. Foot, Keith Jeffery, M. R. D. Foot, Angus Calder, Charles Messenger, M. R. D. Foot, Tony Lane, M. R. D. Foot, and Peter Stansky

The Oxford Companion to World War II

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2003
Subject:
History, Military History, Social sciences, Warfare and Defence
Length:
24,192 words
Illustration(s):
3

...a shortage of reading material, just at a time when long periods of boring wartime duty gave people more time to read. Penguin Books, eminent in the cheap paperback market since the mid-1930s with books priced at sixpence (under 3p) each, provided a mass of crime and adventure stories, suitable for reading in air-raid shelters, as well as more serious books, both literary and political. Largely through Penguin's influence, books began to form part of the English domestic furniture in a much wider range of houses than had been the case before the war—another...

War

War: c. 8000 BCE - 2011  

Reference type:
Timeline
Current Version:
2012

...footsoldiers Alexander III (“The Great”) The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible 1 4th century BCE Greece 333 BCE 333 BCE At Issus, close to the Turkish border with Syria, Alexander defeats the Persian emperor Darius III, captures his family and treats them with courtesy Darius III ( c. 380–330 bc ) World Encyclopedia 1 4th century BCE Battles Asia West Asia Turkey 332 BCE 332 BCE Alexander moves south through Syria and Palestine, excluding the Persian fleet from their familiar harbours Alexander III (“The Great”) The Oxford Guide to People...

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