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courtesy Books

Subject: Literature

A book that gives advice to aspiring young courtiers in etiquette and other aspects of behaviour expected at royal or noble courts. This kind of work—sometimes written in verse—first ...

Farquhar, John Nicol

Farquhar, John Nicol (6 April 1861)   Reference library

Ivan Satyavrata

The Oxford Encyclopaedia of South Asian Christianity

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2012

...He was a significant figure in the international missionary movement and a leading pioneer of an irenic nineteenth century Christian approach to other religions, which had the theological concept of fulfilment as its cornerstone. ivan satyavrata Cracknell, K. (1995), Justice, Courtesy and Love , London: Epworth Press. Macnicol, N. (1937), ‘ Farquhar, John Nicol ’ in Dictionary of National Biography 1922–1930 , London: Oxford University Press. Sharpe, E.J. (1979), ‘ The Legacy of J.N. Farquhar ’ in Occasional Bulletin of Missionary Research , 3 (2),...

Slater, Thomas E.

Slater, Thomas E. (10 April 1840)   Reference library

Ivan Satyavrata

The Oxford Encyclopaedia of South Asian Christianity

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2012

...or fragments of the truth, but the coming of Christ gathered up these fragments and fulfilled the expectations within them. He felt that all other religions wait for their fulfilment in Christianity, the absolute religion. ivan satyavrata Cracknell, K. (1995), Justice, Courtesy and Love: Theologians and Missionaries Encountering World Religions (1846–1914) , London: Epworth. Maw, M. (1990), Visions of India: Fulfilment Theology, the Aryan Race Theory, and the Work of British Protestant Missionaries in Victorian India , Frankfurt: Verlag Peter...

Lucas, Bernard

Lucas, Bernard (1860)   Reference library

Ivan Satyavrata

The Oxford Encyclopaedia of South Asian Christianity

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2012

...hence the Church's mission is not to deny or destroy the religious aspirations of India, but to fulfil them. He thus advocated the way of cooperation with all that was best in Hinduism in the building up of Christianity in India. ivan satyavrata Cracknell, K. (1995), Justice, Courtesy and Love: Theologians and Missionaries Encountering World Religions (1846–1914) , London: Epworth. Maw, M. (1990), Visions of India: Fulfilment Theology, the Aryan Race Theory, and the Work of British Protestant Missionaries in Victorian India , Frankfurt: Verlag Peter...

Claiborne, Craig

Claiborne, Craig   Reference library

Helen H. Studley

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...ground by landing the position of food editor at The New York Times , a post traditionally held by women. He was the first restaurant critic with a solid background in food preparation, rating a restaurant rigorously on its food. Known for his gentlemanly Craig Claiborne. Courtesy of the Culinary Arts Museum at Johnson & Wales University authoritarian manner, he showed a hitherto unfamiliar respect for chefs and restaurateurs. He hated pretension and sloppy or overbearing service, and his eye for detail could make even tough restaurateurs wince. In 1972 ...

Mencius

Mencius (385–303)   Reference library

James D. SELLMANN

Berkshire Encyclopedia of China

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2016

...is the starting point of benevolence ( ren ). The heart-mind of shame gives a person a sense of duty ( yi ). The heart-mind of courtesy and modesty inspires ritual observances ( li ). The heart-mind of right and wrong is the beginning of moral wisdom ( zhi ). Mencius was rediscovered in the Song dynasty ( 960–1279 ) by the neo-Confucians, especially Zhu Xi ( 1130–1200 ). Zhu Xi codified the Book of Mencius as one of the Four Books, which served as a major part of the curriculum for the civil service examinations. As neo-Confucianism spread across East Asia,...

Vienna Sausage

Vienna Sausage   Reference library

Bruce Kraig

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...international cuisines through U.S. military bases. The sausages are used in Filipino pancits , and there is even a popular Cuban dish consisting of Viennas cooked with rice and flavored with Cuban spices, no doubt courtesy of Guantánamo Bay. [ See also Sausage .] Bibliography Kraig, Bruce . Hot Dog; a Global History . London: Reaktion Books, 2009. Loebel, Leon , and Stanley Loebel . All about Meat . New York: Harcourt, 1975. Bruce...

Farmer, Fannie

Farmer, Fannie (1857–1915)   Reference library

Laura Shapiro

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...cookery” to a cuisine of sweetness and affluence. She was born in Boston on 23 March 1857 to the bookish family of a struggling printer. A bout of childhood polio cut short her education and left her with a limp, making her an unlikely candidate for Fannie Farmer.   Courtesy of the Culinary Arts Museum at Johnson & Wales University either marriage or a career. At age thirty-one she decided to attend the Boston Cooking School, whose graduates were busy across the country teaching in public schools, settlement houses, and other institutions dedicated...

St. Patrick's Day

St. Patrick's Day   Reference library

Gary Allen

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...a major holiday. St. Patrick's Day evolved from being a feast as in “religious celebration” to being a feast as in “secular celebration, party.” Traditional Irish symbols—such as the harp and St. Patrick's Day.  An advertisement for Guinness Cake. Photograph by Teri Lyn Fisher, courtesy of Immaculate Confections Celtic cross—were replaced by clichés, like leprechauns and shillelaghs—often promoted by non–Irish Americans, making it easy for all Americans to participate in what a century before had been a parochial event. The Irish adapted their traditional...

Rorer, Sarah Tyson

Rorer, Sarah Tyson   Reference library

Bonnie J. Slotnick

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...Rorer devoted herself to the classes, becoming the star pupil. When the Sarah Tyson Rorer.  “There is nothing in a cake to give you brain and muscle unless you get the latter from beating the cake,” proclaimed Rorer, widely recognized as the first American dietitian. Courtesy of the Culinary Arts Museum at Johnson & Wales University instructor resigned, Rorer took over teaching duties, which included lecturing at the Woman's Medical College. Apprehensive about her qualifications, Rorer devoured nutrition texts and became convinced of the importance...

Etiquette Books

Etiquette Books   Reference library

Carol A. Greenberg

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...reflect the basic priorities of our society. [ See also Child, Lydia Maria ; Dining Rooms and Meal Service ; Leslie, Eliza ; Rombauer, Irma .] Bibliography Aresty, Esther B. The Best Behavior: The Course of Good Manners—from Antiquity to the Present—as Seen through Courtesy and Etiquette Books . New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970. Garrett, Elisabeth Donaghy . At Home: The American Family 1750–1870 . New York: Harold N. Abrams, 1990. Kasson, John F. Rudeness and Civility: Manners in Nineteenth-Century Urban America . New York: Hill and Wang, 1990. Lynes,...

LI Shizhen

LI Shizhen (1518–1593)   Reference library

Carla NAPPI

Berkshire Encyclopedia of China

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2016

...treating local patients and traveling extensively in order to compile research for his medical works. Li moved back to Qizhou in 1561 . He lived in a garden house that he dubbed “a hermit’s dwelling” after a favorite line in the Classic of Poetry and took the zi (or courtesy name, a two-character pseudonym that replaced a given name, but was never used in conjunction with a family name, of an educated Chinese man) of “Binhu” (Near the Lake) to mark this new phase of his life. Li spent the remainder of his life writing such varied texts as a volume...

Akseki, Ahmet Hamdi

Akseki, Ahmet Hamdi   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Religion, Social sciences, Regional and Area Studies
Length:
1,897 words
Illustration(s):
1

...religious culture because books on Islam were not written in these letters, certain circles adamantly continued to read the Ottoman religious works. Akseki was one of those who wrote religious works in the Latin alphabet to fill the void. He wrote in plain language that was widely read and welcomed by the people of Anatolia. Approximately 1.5 million copies of his work called The Islamic Religion were printed and it became one of the most widely sold books on religion during the republican era. A careful review of the list of books written in Turkish by ...

Xú Guāngqǐ

Xú Guāngqǐ (1562–1633)   Reference library

LEE Cheuk Yin

The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
History, Regional and National History, Social sciences, Regional and Area Studies
Length:
1,769 words
Illustration(s):
1

...Guāngqǐ 徐光启 1562–1633 — Scholar-official and scientist ; early convert to Christianity Alternate names: courtesy name: Zǐxiān 子先 ; style name: Xuánhù 玄扈 Summary Xu Guangqi, a colleague of the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, was a scholar-official, agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician who made Western mathematics available to the Chinese through his translations. He was the most renowned Chinese convert to Christianity until the twentieth century. Xu authored one of the first treatises on agriculture; led the reform of the Chinese calendar...

Lǐ Shízhēn

Lǐ Shízhēn (1518–1593)   Reference library

HE Yanran

The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
History, Regional and National History, Social sciences, Regional and Area Studies
Length:
2,001 words
Illustration(s):
3

...— Pharmacist and physician ; compiler of medical encyclopedia Alternate name: courtesy name: Dōngbì 东璧 Summary Li Shizhen was a sixteenth-century physician, natural scientist, and pharmacist who made his mark during the late Ming dynasty with the towering Compendium of Materia Medica . Based on firsthand knowledge of herbal and local remedies that he gathered while travelling around several provinces, as well as research into some eight hundred medical books, it took more than thirty years to complete and was regarded as China’s foremost medical...

Hot Dogs

Hot Dogs   Reference library

Bruce Kraig

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...and mixers that could handle large amounts of meat. Mechanically operated smokers simplified and increased production. So popular had sausages become that, in the late Hot Dog Stand.  Nathan's hot dog emporium, on Coney Island, has been selling its famous hot dogs since 1916. Courtesy of the Culinary Arts Museum at Johnson & Wales University 1880s, companies such as John Morrell in Cincinnati sent hog casing to Chicago to be processed and then returned for stuffing. Chicago and New York sausage companies began importing large amounts of sheep casings in...

McDonald's

McDonald's   Reference library

Andrew F. Smith

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...he had settled on selling Lily paper cups. After seventeen years of selling cups successfully, he launched the Prince Castle Sales Corporation. Its main product was the Multimixer McDonald's.  A McDonald's drive-in, sometime after 1958, when 100 million burgers had been sold. Courtesy of the Culinary Arts Museum at Johnson & Wales University for soda fountains and restaurants. He also sold Multimixers to many fast food franchisees, including Dairy Queen and Tastee Freez. These customers had given Kroc a deeper understanding of the fast food business and some...

Liú Xiàng

Liú Xiàng (79–8 bce)   Reference library

Bret HINSCH

The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
History, Regional and National History, Social sciences, Regional and Area Studies
Length:
4,248 words
Illustration(s):
1

... 刘向 79–8 bce —Editor, author, and father of Chinese bibliography Alternate names: birth name: Gèngshēng 更生 ; courtesy name: Zǐzhèng 子政 Summary Liu Xiang was one of the most important intellectual figures of the Former (Western) Han dynasty. He oversaw a team that edited (and saved from destruction) many of the most important books of antiquity, editing a muddled mountain of bamboo strips into a series of consistent, reliable books that are still in use today. He also compiled several collections of narratives describing moral exemplars, thereby...

Cookbooks

Cookbooks   Reference library

Janice Bluestein Longone, Janice Bluestein Longone, Anne Mendelson, Becky Mercuri, Carol Mighton Haddix, Alice Ross, Anne L. Bower, Andrew F. Smith, Margaret Puskar-Pasewicz, and Virginia K. Bartlett

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...Branches, Adapted as Well for the Largest Establishments as for the Use of Private Families , and Louis-Eustache Audot 's French Domestic Cookery . In 1850 The House Servant's Directory.  Title page of the 1827 edition. Courtesy of the Culinary Arts Museum at Johnson & Wales University Soyer's The Modern Housewife was added to the books on the classic French repertoire easily available to the American public. German cookbooks, both in English and in translation, continued to be published in the Pennsylvania Dutch community. Recipes for the housewife also...

Boston

Boston   Reference library

Ilona Baughman

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...completing the triangle. All three produced great wealth for the region and its principal city. By the turn of the nineteenth century, the city had developed into a cosmopolitan center and the Boston.  A postcard produced by A. Israelson & Co. advertises Boston beans, c. 1920. Courtesy of the Trustees of the Boston Public Library, Print Department political, educational, religious, and commercial hub of New England. The Puritan diet was austere, characterized by dishes native to the eastern part of England from which the colonists came. Popular cooking methods...

Child, Julia

Child, Julia (1912–2004)   Reference library

Lynne Sampson

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...Julia Julia Child ( 1912–2004 ) became the most celebrated American cook and an important cultural figure in a public career spanning more than Julia Child. Courtesy of the Culinary Arts Museum at Johnson & Wales University forty years. Her appealing blend of education and entertainment in the groundbreaking television series The French Chef introduced classical cooking techniques, exotic ingredients, and specialty equipment to mainstream America in the 1960s and 1970s. As a popular television personality, cookbook author, and mentor, Child elevated...

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