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Zimbabwe: Regional Politics and Dynamics Reference library
Brian Raftopoulos
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Politics
...the MDC-Tsvangirai, applauded it: “We are happy with what the army has done. It has done a good thing” ( NewsDay , 2017 ). Even at a later date, when they had had more time to reflect on these events, the response of the opposition was at best ambivalent. After Mnangagwa paid a courtesy call on Morgan Tsvangirai, who was at the time seriously ill with colon cancer, the latter called on the new administration to “earn legitimacy through free, fair and credible elections.” However he also looked forward to a partnership with the new regime: My engagement with...
Mobilizing the Invisible: Power and Marginality in the Black LGBTQ Community Reference library
Ravi K. Perry and Aaron D. Camp
The Oxford Encyclopedia of LGBT Politics and Policy
...who are kept so far apart that neither sees anything of common interest. It must be remembered that the White group of laborers, while they received a low wage, were compensated in part by a sort of public and psychological wage. They were given public deference and titles of courtesy because they were White. They were admitted freely with all classes of White people to public functions, public parks, and the best schools. The police were drawn from their ranks, and the courts, dependent on their votes, treated them with such leniency as to encourage...
Gender, Race, and Political Representation in Latin America Reference library
Jennifer M. Piscopo and Kristin N. Wylie
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latin American Politics
...quotas for subnational legislatures. 3. The 1990 data are from Htun and Piscopo ( 2014 ) . 4. The electoral institute in Venezuela applies a 50% quota, but this initiative is not dictated by statute, and information about its application is difficult to obtain. 5. Data courtesy of Magda Hinojosa and Miki Caul Kittilson. 6. By the 2010s, only the census in Dominican Republic did not ask about indigeneity. In the 2010s, only the censuses of Chile, Dominican Republic, and El Salvador did not include questions about Afrodescendancy. The addition of...
Activism of Political Parties in Africa Reference library
George M. Bob-Milliar
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Politics
...each country. The “big-man” syndrome may explain the large number of irrelevant parties on the registers of electoral commissions. Leading a party in national elections has its symbolic and economic value for the party founder and other key figures. Party leaders are accorded courtesies and the business-inclined ones use the platform provided during the election campaign period to publicize their name and network and make relevant connections. The Ugandan opposition, for example, is unable to unseat the Museveni-led National Resistance Movement (NRM) because...
Valkyrie: The Anti-Nazi Underground in the Wehrmacht, 1938–1945 Reference library
Danny Orbach
Oxford Encyclopedia of the Military in Politics
...Crimes of the Wehrmacht, 1941 to 1944). Hamburg, Germany: Hamburger Edition. Gersdorff, E. (1945). Versicherung an Eides Staat durch Ernst-Carl Freiherr von Gersdorff (affidavit by Ernst-Carl Freiherr von Gersdorff), Bayreuth, 25.7.1945 . In private possession, courtesy of Ernst-Alexander von Gersdorff. Gersdorff, G. (Ed.). (2012). Soldier in the downfall: A Wehrmacht cavalryman in Russia, Normandy and the plot to kill Hitler ( A. Pearsall , Trans.). Bedford, PA: The Aberjona Press. Gillmann, S. , & Mommsen, H. (Eds.). (2003). Politische...
Path Dependency in Foreign Policy Reference library
Anika C. Leithner and Kyle M. Libby
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Foreign Policy Analysis
...remain. Setbacks are shrugged off with calls for more time or more sustained application of the proper methods. (p. 266) If path dependence has failed to produce acceptable results by the standards of behavioral science, perhaps we ought to extend its scholars the same courtesy of more time. References Allison, G. (1971). Essence of decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis . Boston: Little, Brown. Arthur, W. B. (1994). Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Arthur, W. B. (1989)...
Border Art Reference library
Guisela M. Latorre
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in Contemporary Politics, Law, and Social Movements
...issues regarding the US-Mexico border are very much part of the history of colonization in the Americas. Death of Rubén Salazar, 1986 (oil on canvas), Frank Romero. photo credit: smithsonian american art museum, washington, dc / art resource, ny / © 1986, frank romero / courtesy of the artist BAW/TAF was influential not only because it forged a new aesthetic and art form in the history of both contemporary American and US Latina and Latino art but also because of the individual talents that emerged from this collective. Though his partnership with...
From Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect Reference library
Kurt Mills and Cian O’Driscoll
The International Studies Encyclopedia
...to humanitarian intervention treats human rights as a function of sovereignty. This approach was adopted by a number of authors, such as Deng et al. ( 1996 ) , Mills ( 1998a ) , Weiss and Chopra ( 1992 ) , and others in the 1990s, but received its most high profile expression courtesy of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty ( ICISS ) in 2001 . ICISS was commissioned by the Canadian government to prepare a report – subsequently published as The Responsibility to Protect – in light of the humanitarian crises of the 1990s and...
Religious Traditions in Politics: Catholicism Reference library
Lawrence C. Reardon
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion
...other in their own fields.” ( Paul VI, 1965 , p. 76). And in a complete reversal, church leaders agreed that “those also have a claim on our respect and charity who think and act differently from us in social, political, and religious matters. In fact, the more deeply, through courtesy and love, we come to understand their ways of thinking, the more easily will we be able to enter into dialogue with them.” ( Paul VI, 1965 , p. 28). Having nearly stumbled into a nuclear conflict during the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1963 , Pope John XXIII believed the...
The Evolution of International Organization as Institutional Forms and Historical Processes to 1945 Reference library
Bob Reinalda
The International Studies Encyclopedia
...professionalization that was taking place also in national ministries. The staff was either appointed by the national government charged with the supervision of the secretariat (a form later abandoned), or by the governing board, council, or commission if this existed. Out of courtesy, the secretary, later secretary-general, mostly was a national of the country in which the secretariat was situated, with staff members recruited from the civil services of the participant member states. Given the usefulness of the services delivered, most governments paid their...
Religious Traditions in Politics: Confucianism Reference library
Youngmin Kim, Se-Hyun Kim, and Ji Hye Song
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion
..., p. 60). Instead of linking ritual to the supernatural order, Confucius focused on the intrinsic political value of ritual. He reworked religious ceremony into a general norm of behavior, extending the usage of the term li (ritual) to include customs and the numerous acts of courtesy in our ordinary human interactions, as well as religious ceremonies. As a norm of behavior, ritual can serve as a medium through which to keep drives and desires under control and to feel the correct emotions, at the correct time, in the correct way, and so forth. What Confucius...
New York Reference library
The Almanac of American Politics (51 ed.)
...was speculation that he might face a challenge from the moderate wing of the party. Bowman prevailed, winning by 38 points in the primary. After the 2022 midterms proved calamitous to New York Democrats, Bowman called on the state party chairman to resign. He cited a lack of courtesy toward himself, plus state leaders who were out of touch with younger generations. NY-16: Westchester County Cook Partisan Voting Index: D+20 Population Population 776,971 Land Area (sq mi) 124 Pop/ sq mi 6,277.98 Born in State 55.35% Age Groups Under 18 22.06% 18-34 21.54% 35-64...
