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Iconography Reference library
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
...power to immortalize both speaker and subject. In either case, the anonymous artist follows Martianus in the attempt to personify Cicero's ideal union of wisdom and eloquence. Iconography. F igure 1. “ Rhetorica” from the “Tarot Cards of Mantegna” (before 1467) . [Photo courtesy of M. Knoedler & Co., New York.] An altogether different representational strategy, and order of artistic achievement, may be seen with Antonio Pollaiuolo's Tomb of Pope Sixtus IV (Rome, 1493 ). Pollaiuolo created a free-standing, bronze monument, suggesting a sarcophagus;...
Epistolary rhetoric Reference library
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
...for example, letters played an ever more important role in the business of court. Ambitious courtiers exploited the conventions of epistolary rhetoric to construct an attractive self-image and to ingratiate themselves with the powerful through flattery and other forms of courtesy. While such letters might advance specific petitions, many served no other purpose than to create or strengthen social and ideological connections: like letters to members of one's family, their function was to maintain a community of interest. The Renaissance humanists also...
Decorum Reference library
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
...( Shapin , 1994 ). By the nineteenth century, that code had been replaced with the norms of bourgeois society; with that, mere propriety reigned while all traces of classical imitation disappeared. (The declension can be charted from the courtesy literature of the early modern era—Castiglioni, Puttenham—to the etiquette books of the ascendant middle class.) This social history parallels the modern intellectual history of decorum: by repudiating rhetoric and constructing a pure aesthetic, the Enlightenment severed essential connections between discursive...
Renaissance rhetoric Reference library
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
...N.C., 1962; reprint, Westport, Conn., 1973. Hinz, Manfred . Rhetorische Strategien des Hofmannes: Studien zu den italienischen Hofmannstraktaten des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts . Stuttgart, 1992. A study of the rhetorical strategies used and propagated in Italian courtesy treatises and conduct books. Howell, Wilbur Samuel . Logic and Rhetoric in England, 1500–1700 . Princeton, 1956; reprint, New York, 1961. Javitch, Daniel . Poetry and Courtliness in Renaissance England . Princeton, 1978. Kibédi Varga, Á. Rhétorique et littérature: Études de structures...
Style Reference library
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
.... “ Style and Personality. ” A Review of English Literature 6.2 (1965), pp. 21–31. Vickers, Brian . In Defence of Rhetoric . Oxford, 1988. Wales, Katie . A Dictionary of Stylistics . London, 1989. Whigham, Frank . Ambition and Privilege: The Social Tropes of Elizabethan Courtesy Theory . Berkeley, 1984. — Wolfgang G....
Ēthos Reference library
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
...of the orator in such a way that all may recognize it” (6.2.13). Thus, Quintilian's rhetorical ideal, the vir bonus dicendi peritus or “good man skilled in speaking,” is Isocratean in sentiment: for “ēthos in all its forms requires the speaker to be a man of good character and courtesy” (6.2.18). Finally, the orator must himself feel the emotions he wishes to raise in his audience: “if we wish to give our words the appearance of sincerity, we must assimilate ourselves to the emotions of those who are genuinely so affected, and our eloquence must spring from...
Faerie Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
...The An allegorical romance of chivalry by Edmund Spenser , originally intended to have been in 12 books, each of which was to have portrayed one of the 12 moral virtues, but only six books were completed. The first three were published in 1590 , and the second three in 1596 . It details the adventures of various knights, who personify different virtues, so that Sir artegal is the Knight of Justice, and Sir calidore the Knight of Courtesy. The knights belong to the court of gloriana , who sometimes typifies Queen Elizabeth I...
Lady Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
...‘bread kneader’, from Old English hlœfdīge ( hlāf , ‘bread’, and dīge , ‘kneader’, related to modern ‘dough’). The original meaning was simply the female head of the family, the mistress of the household, or what is now called ‘the lady of the house’. See also courtesy titles ; cousin ; lord . Ladies’ Gallery, The A public gallery in the house of commons that is reserved for women. Ladies’ Mile, The A stretch of the road on the north side of the Serpentine, Hyde Park, much favoured in Victorian days by ‘equestriennes’. The Coaching and...
King Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
...slightly less large. King’s or Queen’s messenger An official of the British Foreign Office whose duty it is to carry personally confidential messages from London to any embassy or legation abroad. He carries as his badge of office a silver greyhound, and although he receives courtesies and help in the countries across which he travels, he enjoys no diplomatic immunities or privileges except that of passing through the customs the ‘diplomatic bag’ he is carrying. King’s Oak, The The oak under which Henry VIII sat in Epping Forest, while Anne Boleyn was...
masochism Quick reference
A New Dictionary of Eponyms
..., masochist The word masochism comes to us courtesy of Chevalier Leopold von Sacher-Masoch ( 1836–1895 ), Austrian novelist. Sacher-Masoch did not invent masochism, but it was a recurring theme in his novels and he can certainly be credited with bringing the concept into the open. He wrote The Legacy of Cain , which he had begun in 1870 and finished in 1877 , and False Ermine , published in 1873 . His heroines were large, domineering, Brunnhilde-type women dressed in furs and wielding nailstudded whips on their “slaves,” timid men. His...
subjunctive mood Reference library
Fowler’s Dictionary of Modern English Usage (4 ed.)
...is important that he makes friends,’ said Fibich ; I do wish he was coming too. And consider also contexts in which the verbal form is the same in the subjunctive and the indicative mood: We cannot talk as if the other parties were demons ; He asked that I do him the courtesy of… 2 Present-day currency. The subjunctive mood was common in Old English and until about 1600 . Examples are harder to find in the period 1600–1900 but it became remarkably prevalent in the 20c., first in AmE and then in other forms of English, including BrE, as the...
