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courtesy Books

Subject: Literature

A book that gives advice to aspiring young courtiers in etiquette and other aspects of behaviour expected at royal or noble courts. This kind of work—sometimes written in verse—first ...

Phonetics

Phonetics   Reference library

International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2003
Subject:
Linguistics
Length:
6,530 words
Illustration(s):
2

...been criticized for being biased both toward European languages and toward phonemic analysis; argument on this issue appears in volumes 16 and 17 of the Journal of the International Phonetic Association , and in Roach 1987 . Table 1. The International Phonetic Alphabet . (Courtesy of the International Phonetic Association.) In addition to being able to transcribe segmental aspects of speech, phoneticians must be able to represent suprasegmental or prosodic aspects. The most common requirement is for the transcription of pitch levels and contours,...

Iconography

Iconography   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Rhetoric

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
4,548 words
Illustration(s):
3

...power to immortalize both speaker and subject. In either case, the anonymous artist follows Martianus in the attempt to personify Cicero's ideal union of wisdom and eloquence. Iconography. F igure 1. “ Rhetorica” from the “Tarot Cards of Mantegna” (before 1467) . [Photo courtesy of M. Knoedler & Co., New York.] An altogether different representational strategy, and order of artistic achievement, may be seen with Antonio Pollaiuolo's Tomb of Pope Sixtus IV (Rome, 1493 ). Pollaiuolo created a free-standing, bronze monument, suggesting a sarcophagus;...

Epistolary rhetoric

Epistolary rhetoric   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Rhetoric

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
2,482 words

...for example, letters played an ever more important role in the business of court. Ambitious courtiers exploited the conventions of epistolary rhetoric to construct an attractive self-image and to ingratiate themselves with the powerful through flattery and other forms of courtesy. While such letters might advance specific petitions, many served no other purpose than to create or strengthen social and ideological connections: like letters to members of one's family, their function was to maintain a community of interest. The Renaissance humanists also...

Decorum

Decorum   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Rhetoric

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
7,124 words
Illustration(s):
1

...( Shapin , 1994 ). By the nineteenth century, that code had been replaced with the norms of bourgeois society; with that, mere propriety reigned while all traces of classical imitation disappeared. (The declension can be charted from the courtesy literature of the early modern era—Castiglioni, Puttenham—to the etiquette books of the ascendant middle class.) This social history parallels the modern intellectual history of decorum: by repudiating rhetoric and constructing a pure aesthetic, the Enlightenment severed essential connections between discursive...

Renaissance rhetoric

Renaissance rhetoric   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Rhetoric

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
15,239 words

...N.C., 1962; reprint, Westport, Conn., 1973. Hinz, Manfred . Rhetorische Strategien des Hofmannes: Studien zu den italienischen Hofmannstraktaten des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts . Stuttgart, 1992. A study of the rhetorical strategies used and propagated in Italian courtesy treatises and conduct books. Howell, Wilbur Samuel . Logic and Rhetoric in England, 1500–1700 . Princeton, 1956; reprint, New York, 1961. Javitch, Daniel . Poetry and Courtliness in Renaissance England . Princeton, 1978. Kibédi Varga, Á. Rhétorique et littérature: Études de structures...

Style

Style   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Rhetoric

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
9,178 words

.... “ Style and Personality. ” A Review of English Literature 6.2 (1965), pp. 21–31. Vickers, Brian . In Defence of Rhetoric . Oxford, 1988. Wales, Katie . A Dictionary of Stylistics . London, 1989. Whigham, Frank . Ambition and Privilege: The Social Tropes of Elizabethan Courtesy Theory . Berkeley, 1984. — Wolfgang G....

Ēthos

Ēthos   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Rhetoric

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Language reference, Linguistics
Length:
10,506 words

...of the orator in such a way that all may recognize it” (6.2.13). Thus, Quintilian's rhetorical ideal, the vir bonus dicendi peritus or “good man skilled in speaking,” is Isocratean in sentiment: for “ēthos in all its forms requires the speaker to be a man of good character and courtesy” (6.2.18). Finally, the orator must himself feel the emotions he wishes to raise in his audience: “if we wish to give our words the appearance of sincerity, we must assimilate ourselves to the emotions of those who are genuinely so affected, and our eloquence must spring from...

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