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Letters Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment
...Post-Boy Robb'd of His Mail ( 1692 ) should not be taken as evidence of common practice. Like people, letters were quarantined (and fumigated) in their passage between places affected by plague, but precisely because letters substituted for persons, transmitting letters was a courtesy often observed in out-of-the way places and between strangers. Letters of introduction were almost as necessary as passports for travelers who wished to do business or cultivate acquaintances out of their usual sphere.Although most letters of friendship were written in prose,...
Sociability Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment
...characteristic of the contemporary world as opposed to “barbarous” times. In short, sociability appears here as the linchpin of a theory of urban modernization and total social progress. Hume was Scottish, but he had lived in France and had become intimately familiar with French courtesy literature. Moreover, Scotland had developed its own polite literature in the early eighteenth century. Scottish thinkers of the middle and late eighteenth century continued Hume's effort to conceptualize sociability in broadly historical terms. William Robertson is a key...
conduct books Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...books . Between 1785 and 1820 many books on female conduct were published, giving advice on the proper behaviour of ladies, and the disciplines for forming the moral character of young women and girls. Also termed ‘advice books’ and ‘courtesy books’, they were mostly written by evangelically minded men and women, and were aimed at, and imposed upon, young female readers. They promulgated a conservative ideology of women's subordination and dependence, and presupposed family and religious sanctions which made young girls confessionally open to their...
Conduct Books Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...Books . An important literary genre of early modern Europe, the conduct book adapted the perennial handbook of manners to the court of the Renaissance age of absolutism. Easy accommodation with despotism distinguishes the conduct book from both the medieval book of courtesy and the modern etiquette book. Its premise that manners can be learned, however, made the conduct book an agent of social mobility and the civilizing process. Its many forms include court dialogue, parental advice, and treatise of civility. The early modern conduct books stands out...
Politeness Reference library
Jennifer Van Horn
The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment
...upon new standards of bodily cleanliness and control as well as a heightened sense of shame. A rising threshold of embarrassment insured that polite people were increasingly mindful of their impact upon others and committed to acting with regard for their peers’ feelings. The courtesy books and manuals that flooded European and American markets disseminated these new codes for behavior by directing readers in appropriate conduct. Colonists of the upper sort who embraced polite manners as part of their education relied in large part on this prescriptive...
Literacy Reference library
E. Jennifer Monaghan Brooklyn
The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment
...them. The children’s market expanded in other respects: booksellers offered chapbooks and fables, courtesy and advice books. A Child’s New Play-Thing (a London speller reprinted in Boston in 1744 ) promulgated the novel message of learning as a “Diversion.” It fit well with the new approach to children emerging by 1750 that focused on them as special objects of affection, worthy of parental expenditures. Wealthy parents purchased Newbery’s little gilded books on both sides of the Atlantic. More explicitly enlightened ideas were seeping into American culture...
Medicine Reference library
Marynita Anderson
The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment
...but, for the sake of scientific knowledge, ignored the issue of autopsies and grave-robbing. Dr Samuel Bard, in his Discourse Upon the Duties of a Physician ( 1769 ), offers the earliest published treatise on the responsibilities of a physician which include professional courtesy, honest reputation, courteous bedside manners, honest fees, sincerity, and tactful compassion. His ideas, similar to David Hume’s notion of sympathy and Thomas Percival’s later work, Medical Ethics, or a Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct of...
