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Coffins, Sarcophagi, and Cartonnages Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
...and are called rishi , from the Arabic word for “feather.” They mostly originate from Thebes and are also used for kings. coffins, sarcophagi, and cartonnages . Drawing of a ḳrsw-type coffin from the Third Intermediate Period . It is now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. (Courtesy Günther Lapp and Andrzej Niwinski) Eighteenth Dynasty through Greco-Roman Times The elaboration of coffin styles continued during the New Kingdom. Single coffins, particularly those made of cheap materials like pottery or reeds, indicate the low social status of the owner,...
Tombs Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
...tombs: private tombs . Diagram of a typical second dynasty mastaba. The superstructure is solid, and the burial apartments are deeply cut into the rock. They are approached by a stairway from the roof of the mastaba and blocked by a portcullis, sliding down a narrow shaft. (Courtesy Aidan Dodson) The ideal form of substructure, however, was cut into the rock (rock-cut), approached by either a vertical shaft (a pit-tomb) or a sloping gallery (a corridor-tomb). In most private tombs, the substructure lay below, or in close association with, the chapel. In...
Scripts Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
...everybody else, like a giraffe”; qnd means “to be angry (like a monkey),” and ʒms means “to care (like a cow for its calf).” scripts: hieroglyphs . Chart illustrating the relationship between hieratic (left column) and hieroglyphic (right column) characters . (Courtesy Orly Goldwasser) Phonographic meaning functions In the rebus device (paronomasia, punning), the reader works with only the “name” or the sounds of the written icon. To understand this process, we may imagine the icon of a bee being used to represent the English verb “be,” or...
letters and letter writing Reference library
Oliver Nicholson, Nathaniel Miller, Sergio La Porta, Raffaella Cribiore, Michael Williams, and Sebastian Brock
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
...for instance of food (e.g. Ausonius , 1; 14; 19 Green = 18; 15; 25 Peiper); sometimes the letter is spoken of as itself the present. Letters might be written on papyrus (preferred by Jerome ) or parchment (preferred by Augustine ). They promoted patronage , articulated courtesies, and sustained friendships . They were copied as exemplars of the art of the letter. The authors might follow the example of Pliny the Younger and with an affectation of artlessness assemble their letters into collections, where the texts could represent the character of the...
