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courtesy Books

Subject: Literature

A book that gives advice to aspiring young courtiers in etiquette and other aspects of behaviour expected at royal or noble courts. This kind of work—sometimes written in verse—first ...

Xu Bing

Xu Bing (1955)   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
522 words
Illustration(s):
1

...of Square Word Calligraphy, Xu attempted to change language by merging his native Chinese and his adopted English together to create a new system of writing altogether. Xu Bing. Book from the Sky , hand-printed books, ceiling and wall scrolls printed from wood letterpress type using false Chinese characters, dimensions variable, 1987–91. Courtesy of the artist. Bibliography G. Barmé : “ Xu Bing: A Chinese Character, ” A. Mthly [Australia] , lxi (July, 1993), pp. 13–14 S. Yao : “ Book from Heaven: Literary Pleasure, Chinese Cultural Text and the ‘Struggle...

Applebroog, Ida

Applebroog, Ida (11 Nov 1929)   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
437 words
Illustration(s):
1

...m, 1985 ). Her paintings place the viewer in an uncomfortable moral position, as they demonstrate Applebroog's moral outrage and social conscience. Ida Applebroog I Will Go Before Thee and Make the Crooked Places Straight, Isaiah 45:2 , lithograph on paper, 537 × 953 mm, 1989. Courtesy of Ida Applebroog Studio/Commission Vera G. List/New Year's Graphic Fund © The Jewish Museum/Art Resource, NY Writings with B. Reinhardt and B. Gross : Ida Applebroog: Bilder (Ostfildern, 1991) Bibliography Applebroog (exh. cat. by R. Feldman and others, New York, Ronald...

Abbott, Berenice

Abbott, Berenice (17 July 1898)   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
695 words
Illustration(s):
1

...life she occupied herself increasingly with organizing and printing her earlier work, and from the late 1970s and into the 1980s several portfolios of earlier photographs were published by the Parasol Press in New York. Berenice Abbott Wave Pattern with Glass Plate , 1958–61. Courtesy of Commerce Graphics, New York City [ See also Photography . ] Writings A Guide to Better Photography (New York, 1941) A New Guide to Better Photography (New York, 1953) Photographic Publications Changing New York , text by E. McCausland (New York, 1939) Greenwich Village...

Cram, Ralph Adams

Cram, Ralph Adams (16 Dec 1863)   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
1,153 words
Illustration(s):
1

...was also led by his medievalism to an interest in conservative social philosophy, about which he wrote widely. His influence in this field alone has generated considerable scholarship since World War II. Ralph Adams Cram Princeton University Chapel, Princeton, New Jersey, 1928. Courtesy of Robert M. Craig [ See also Boston and Goodhue, Bertram . ] Writings Church Building (Boston, 1901–2, 2/1914, 3/1924) Impressions of Japanese Architecture (New York, 1905/ R 1966) Ministry of Art (Boston, 1914/ R Freeport, NY, 1967) Heart of Europe (New York, 1915)...

Rosler, Martha

Rosler, Martha (29 July 1943)   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
1,199 words
Illustration(s):
1

...Drapes , from the series Bringing the War Home: House Beautiful/In Vietnam , 1967–72. © Martha Rosler, courtesy of the artist and Mitchell-Innes and Nash Writings with Brian Wallis : If You Lived Here: The City in Art, Theory, and Social Activism, Discussions in Contemporary Culture (Seattle, 1991) In the Place of the Public (Positions in Contemporary Art) (Ostfildern-Ruit, 1999) Passionate Signals (Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz; Portchester: Art Books International, 2005) with A. Vidler and A. Alberro : Rights of Passage: Photographs (New York,...

Schneemann, Carolee

Schneemann, Carolee (12 Oct 1939)   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
1,427 words
Illustration(s):
1

...of cultural perceptions of gender and the sexual body, and on the relationship between the individual and society. Carolee Schneemann Up To And Including Her Limits. Eye Body (Thirty-six Transformative Actions) , photograph of performance, 1996–7. Photograph by Henrik Gaard/Courtesy of the artist [ See also Experiments in Art and Technology . ] Writings with B. R. McPherson : More Than Meat Joy: Performance Works and Selected Writings (Kingston, NY, 2/1997) Imaging Her Erotics: Carolee Schneemann: Essays, Interviews, Projects (Cambridge, MA, 2002)...

International exhibition

International exhibition   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
5,551 words
Illustration(s):
3

...as museums and exhibition pavilions. From coast to coast, in ways both large and small, the architecture of these fairs shaped America's modern cultural landscape. International exhibition Fountain of the Republic at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. Photograph courtesy of Chicago History Museum/Getty Images Bibliography H. Bancroft : The Book of the Fair: An Historical and Descriptive Presentation Viewed through the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893 (New York, 1894) F. Stadler , ed.: Louisiana Purchase Exposition: The St. Louis...

African American art

African American art   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2011
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
13,094 words
Illustration(s):
6

...DC, Evans-Tibbs Col., see 1989 exh. cat., p. 92; see also Descent from the Cross, color pl. 1:III, 2). 2. African American art Descent from the Cross by Bob Thompson, oil on canvas, 2.13 × 1.52 m, 1963. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC/Art Resource, NY. Courtesy of Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, LLC, New York, NY Black Expressionism was a movement that grew out of the political unrest of the 1960s, in particular the struggle for civil rights. It also grew from the outrage of African American artists at the professional discrimination that...

Netherlands, Northern

Netherlands, Northern   Reference library

The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Art & Architecture
Length:
22,426 words
Illustration(s):
2

...portrait busts by Hendrick de Keyser I. Four versions of his bronze Mercury survive. adriaen de Vries , from The Hague, also worked in the style of Giambologna. Although he signed his work as Adrianus Fries Hagiensis Batavus , he can be considered a Dutch sculptor only by courtesy: because he received no commissions in his native land, he produced all his work abroad, in Rome, Augsburg and Prague. He also made bronze figures (now Stockholm, Drottningholm Slott and Nmus.) for the Neptune Fountain ( 1615–17 ) in Frederiksborg Castle for Christian IV ( reg ...

Savonarola, Girolamo

Savonarola, Girolamo (1452–98)   Reference library

The Oxford Dictionary of Christian Art and Architecture (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Religion
Length:
1,358 words

...degeneracy of the people. He could find many texts in the OT to provide a theme for his hell-fire oratory; he also predicted that Lorenzo de' Medici, Pope Innocent VIII, and the King of Naples were about to die. In 1491 he was elected Prior, but refused to make the customary courtesy call on Lorenzo, who was furious at being so slighted. He then tried to placate Savonarola with rich gifts, which the Prior gave away. By early 1492 Lorenzo was dying at his villa at Careggi, about five miles north of Florence. On his death-bed in April he sent for Savonarola...

Participatory Art

Participatory Art   Reference library

Tom Finkelpearl

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
3,232 words
Illustration(s):
1

...techniques, audience), Tania Bruguera. Photo by Sheila Burnett. courtesy of tate modern Of course participation in the collective creation of art is not new. Across the globe, throughout recorded history people have participated in the creation of art—from traditional music and dance to community festivals to mural arts. And the emergence of participatory art as a distinctive field has antecedents at least through the modernist period, as many scholars have argued. For example, recent books on the topic have traced these origins through the European and...

Food

Food   Reference library

Jèssica Jaques

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
3,795 words
Illustration(s):
1

...and the use of food as an artistic medium, while research and revolutionary cooking have to do with aesthetic practices that are close to the arts but keep some degree of autonomy. 247-Vegetable Soup in Textures (plate number 247), 1994 , El Bulli. Photo by Frances Guillamet. courtesy of the artist Despite having been identified only recently, food art has existed since the beginning of civilization. The term identifies those artistic practices whose principal material and symbolic referent is food, including its processes of production and consumption....

Collectivism

Collectivism   Reference library

Maria-Alina Asavei

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
3,411 words
Illustration(s):
1

...hegemony (of either the communist USSR or the Western liberal democracy) wants artists to be critical of. Inspired by Life , h.arta; part of the exhibition Everyday Fragments , curated by Tobi Maier, Ludlow 38 Gallery, New York, 2011 . Photo by Mikolaj Szoska. courtesy of alina asavei Other artist collectives are prompted by different motivations (noncritical motivations) to bond in their own communities. The impetus for some artist collectives is a need for artists to help each other. By engaging with social media they interact with other...

Sustainability

Sustainability   Reference library

Adrian Parr

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
2,845 words
Illustration(s):
1

...for Ailing Plants (detail), 2010 (site-specific installation, 5 x 5 x 3m; transparent mesh, mirror, oil, acrylic, scientific glass vessels, plants living and dried, tulle, blown glass, silicon tubing, minerals, crystals, seeds, water), Janet Laurence. photo by jamie north / courtesy of janet laurence However, the principles of cradle-to-cradle and biomimicry do not adequately, if at all, address the liveliness of naturals systems, namely how they give rise to resilient and adaptable communities, or even the collaborative possibilities they invoke. The...

Systems Theory

Systems Theory   Reference library

Eve Meltzer

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
3,127 words
Illustration(s):
1

...to many fields, especially economics, political science, psychology, logic, and biology. Condensation Cube , 1963–1965 (clear acrylic, distilled water, climate in area of display; 12 x 12 x 12 in.), Hans Haacke. © hans haacke and artists’ rights society, new york (ars). courtesy of hans haacke and paula cooper gallery, new york. photo: hans haacke Art historian Pamela M. Lee has argued that systems theory, while initially traceable to the “hard sciences,” intended to “humanize the sciences” by making those discourses applicable to a vast number of...

Animal Aesthetics

Animal Aesthetics   Reference library

Jessica Ullrich

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
3,224 words
Illustration(s):
1

...and sounds are the most likely ingredients of animal arts. Gestures and dance would be worthwhile to consider as well but are not discussed in this article only out of consideration of space. Juthanam (nicknamed Phratida), a member of the Lampang Elephant Art Academy, 1998 . courtesy of former vitaly komar and alexander melamid art studio archive Animals and Architecture. Outside the scientific and scholarly world, animals as builders may be the best-known examples for analogies to human cultural behavior. While many of those buildings seem to serve purely...

Trauma

Trauma   Reference library

Margaret Iversen

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
5,974 words
Illustration(s):
1

...which presumably stirs in readers’ minds their own latent childhood desires and dreads. Untitled , 1995 (wood, cement, steel, cloth, and leather), Doris Salcedo. Museum of Modern Art, New York. digital image © museum of modern art / licensed by scala / art resource, new york / courtesy of alexander and bonin, new york Surrealism. The Surrealist poet André Breton developed his key concepts of the “chance encounter” and “objective chance” in dialogue with psychoanalytic theory. These concepts are sometimes understood in relation to Freud’s earlier, pre-1920...

Children’s Art

Children’s Art   Reference library

Cynthia C. Rostankowski

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
4,627 words
Illustration(s):
1

...question remains if these productions can be reasonably called art. What conditions must hold for a painting by a child to be called art? In only a few instances do researchers in the field treat this question. The two discussed here specifically address the issue. Child’s art. courtesy of the author Many arts educators identify Rhoda Kellogg ( 1969 ) as the authority on art by children. Over the course of her professional life as a nursery school educator, she amassed a collection of more than five hundred thousand children’s drawings, made by toddlers to...

Conceptualism

Conceptualism   Reference library

Luke Skrebowski, Luis Camnitzer, and Octavian Esanu

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
10,818 words
Illustration(s):
2

...). The tautology is in the design, functioning already without the title. But, as with Kosuth and Allais, the title of the piece serves as a didactic description of the work by narrowly identifying what exactly one should see from what one is seeing. No + Miedo , 1983 , CADA. courtesy of cada These nonactivist speculations about form, content, and self-reference also took place in Latin America. In 1957 the Mexican artist Mathias Goeritz created his Doblado en Cuatro (Folded in Four), a folded piece of paper, and the Peruvian poet and artist Jorge Eduardo...

Artist

Artist   Reference library

Catherine M. Soussloff and Joan Jeffri

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Art & Architecture, Philosophy
Length:
10,280 words
Illustration(s):
2

...liberated from the rest of society and its rules due to the ability of the artist to marshal the power of representation, resulted finally in the concept of the artist that is found in eighteenth-century aesthetics. Untitled , 1975/2004 (chromogenic print), Cindy Sherman. courtesy of the artist and metro pictures, new york / brooklyn museum of art, new york, usa / gift of linda s. ferber / the bridgeman art library Concerning the special subjectivity of the artist, Bernard Williams ( 1973 ) has observed that the body is a precondition of individual...

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