atheism n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... n. Rejection of belief in God. atheist n. One who rejects belief in God. Compare agnosticism , deism , pantheism , theism . atheistic or atheistical adj. [From Greek a - without + theos a god + - ismos indicating a state or...
deism n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... n. Belief in a god who created the universe but does not govern worldly events, does not answer prayers, and has no direct involvement in human affairs. deist n. One who espouses deism. Compare agnosticism , atheism , pantheism , theism . deistic or deistical adj. [From Latin deus a god + Greek -ismos indicating a state or...
pantheism n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... n . Belief in nature, the universe, or the order and lawfulness of everything that happens as representations (usually metaphorical) of God. Compare agnosticism , atheism , deism , theism . pantheist n . One who espouses pantheism. pantheistic or pantheistical adj . [From Greek pan all + theos a god + - ismos indicating a state or...
theism n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... n . Belief in a god who created the universe and continues to govern everything that happens, in most theistic belief systems answering prayers and being directly involved with human affairs. Compare agnosticism , atheism , deism , pantheism . theist n . One who espouses theism. theistic or theistical adj . [From Greek theos a god + -ismos indicating a state or...
agnosticism n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... n. A belief that nothing is or can be known about God. More loosely, a belief that the existence of God cannot be known with certainty, but this sense is avoided in careful usage. agnostic adj. n. (Of or pertaining to) one who espouses agnosticism. Compare atheism , deism , pantheism , theism . [Coined in 1869 by the English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley ( 1825–95 ), from Greek a - without + gnostos known + - ismos indicating a state or...
science and religion Reference library
John Polkinghorne
The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)
...people, even if they had trouble with the ecclesiastical authorities (Galileo) or with Christian orthodoxy (Newton). In the 18th century, however, and particularly in France, an increasingly mechanical account of the physical world led many to reject religion and to embrace atheism. In the 19th century, many of the leading physicists ( Faraday , Maxwell , Kelvin ) were religious believers, but the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859 led to conflicts between biologists and theologians, though there were some religious thinkers who...
humanism Reference library
Edmund Leach
The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)
...of classical Greece and Rome, which was rated as ‘the humanities’ because it was the secular work of man whereas the Bible and the patristic commentaries were treated as the divinely inspired works of God. Contemporary humanism is a morally concerned style of intellectual atheism openly avowed by only a small minority of individuals (for example, those who are members of the British Humanist Association) but tacitly accepted by a wide spectrum of educated people in all parts of the Western world. The essence of this modern humanism is summed up in the...
physicalism Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Consciousness
...century. Perhaps because of the difference between Newtonian physics and classical atomism, in the 18th century, materialism evolved beyond mere atomism to be essentially the denial of the existence of a soul, and because of the soul's connections with a religious world view, to atheism. In the 20th century analytic philosophy the idea achieved considerable prominence again, finding support in such figures as Quine ( 1960 ) and Lewis ( 1994 ). Indeed, it not unreasonable to say that, just as idealism was the metaphysics du jour for the philosophers of the...
Historical Psychology Reference library
Noemí Pizarroso López
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology
... ( 1942 ), one of the pillars of Febvrian historical psychology. In it he introduced the concept of outillage mental to refer to those mental materials, that set of instruments, with which people think, feel, and act in a given civilization or era. Febvre’s thesis was that atheism was unthinkable in the 16th century , because neither the language, nor the philosophic vocabulary, nor the technical and scientific development of the time allowed people even to doubt God’s existence. Febvre referred especially to the missing words (absolute, relative,...
James McCosh: Bridge Builder Between Old and New Psychology Reference library
Elissa N. Rodkey
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology
...had himself worried “lest I might unsettle the faith of the students committed to my care” (p. x) by disclosing his own acceptance of evolution. But he soon decided to openly share how he was “sure that religion is safe whatever be the decision come to” (p. 2). Darwinism was not atheism, as Princeton theological seminarian Charles Hodge had written; instead, McCosh believed that if “properly limited and explained” (p. xi) evolution was compatible with orthodox Christian belief. George Macloskie, professor of natural history at Princeton, credited McCosh with...
Cold War Psychology in Eastern Europe Reference library
Julien Kiss
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology
...Experimental Psychology at the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, under the coordination of Damian Kovac, was also underfunded. In 1983 , a controversial change took place when the Psychology Laboratory at Brno University merged with the Institute of Social Awareness and Atheism Research. At this time, psychology was, of course, interpreted from a Marxist perspective, and the institute reflected this interpretation that consciousness itself was considered as a purely social dimension. In the same year, Karel Balcar published a paper on personality...
Existential Meaning and Terror Management Reference library
Sheldon Solomon and Jeff Greenberg
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Social Psychology
... Iverach, L. , Menzies, R. G. , & Menzies, R. E. (2014). Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: Reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic construct . Clinical Psychology Review , 34 (7), 580–593. Jong, J. , Halberstadt, J. , & Bluemke, M. (2012). Foxhole atheism, revisited: The effects of mortality salience on explicit and implicit religious belief . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 48 (5), 983–989. Kirkpatrick, L. A. , & Navarrete, C. D. (2006). Reports of my death anxiety have been greatly exaggerated: A critique of terror...
A History of Pavlovian Science Reference library
Gabriel Ruiz and Natividad Sánchez
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology
...the previous period, and another after the war ( 1939–1950 ), in which the new fascist state of dictator Franco imposed a National Catholic vision of science that left no room for Darwinist and materialist positions, which were identified with the enemies of his regime: Masonry, atheism, and communism. What Might Have Been (1927–1936) The year 1929 saw the translation into Spanish of the second Russian edition of Pavlov’s Conditioned Reflexes , originally published in 1924 ( Pavlov, 1929 ). The translation was promoted by the endocrinologist and essayist...
