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atheism

Subject: Religion

The theory or belief that God does not exist. The word comes (in the late 16th century, via French) from Greek atheos, from a- ‘without’ + theos ‘god’.

Thomas Harriot

Thomas Harriot  

(1560/61–1621),mathematician and astronomer. In 1585 he went on Ralegh's expedition to Virginia. His A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1588) is one of the earliest examples ...
Charles Bradlaugh

Charles Bradlaugh  

(1833–91)British social reformer. A republican and keen supporter of reform movements, he was tried, with Annie Besant, in 1877–78 for printing a pamphlet on birth control. The charge failed and ...
deism

deism  

Belief in a god who created the universe but does not govern worldly events, does not answer prayers, and has no direct involvement in human affairs. deist n. One who espouses deism. Compare ...
William Paley

William Paley  

(1743–1805)English theologian and moral philosopher. Paley is remembered for two contributions to natural theology. The first is the sustained defence of the argument to design for the existence of ...
humanism

humanism  

[De]A philosophy or ethical system that centres on the concept of the dignity, freedom, and value of human beings. The belief that there is an essential human condition that emerges regardless of ...
Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels  

(1820–95)German socialist and political philosopher, resident chiefly in England from 1842. The founder of modern communism with Karl Marx, he collaborated with him in the writing of the Communist ...
Shelley, Percy Bysshe

Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792–1822)   Reference library

The Oxford Guide to Literary Britain & Ireland (3 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Literature, Society and culture
Length:
187 words

...with Mary lives in Marlow 1817–18 ; his heart buried in Bournemouth ; commemorated in Christchurch (Dorset), Oxford ( University College ), and London ( Westminster Abbey ). Original Poetry (with his sister) 1810 , Zastrozzi 1810 , St Irvyne 1810 , ‘The Necessity of Atheism’ 1811 , ‘The Retrospect’ 1812 , Queen Mab 1813 , Alastor, or, The Spirit of Solitude 1816 , The Revolt of Islam 1818 , ‘Ode to the West Wind’ , ‘Stanzas in a Summer Evening Churchyard’...

Russia

Russia   Reference library

Igor S. Kon and I. S. Kon

Contiuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
Social sciences, Society and culture
Length:
22,129 words
Illustration(s):
1

...one divorce during their lifetime. About a third of the divorced are young couples who live together less than five years. 2. Religious, Ethnic, and Gender Factors Affecting Sexuality A. Source and Character of Religious Values Despite the 74-year effort of communism to promote atheism, 25% of the people still adhere to Russian Orthodox Christianity. While approximately 60% of Russians were nonreligious when the communist regime fell, Christianity and Orthodoxy are experiencing a mild revival. Among the non-Russian populations, Islam and Buddhism are...

Oxford

Oxford   Reference library

The Oxford Guide to Literary Britain & Ireland (3 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Literature, Society and culture
Length:
16,421 words

...part in a number of hair‐raising experiments, which left Shelley's hands and clothes marked with chemicals. They walked about Shotover Hill (3 m. E), and Shelley indulged in his habit of sailing paper boats. He was sent down when he sent a copy of his pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism , to the Master and other heads of colleges and refused to admit it was his. Hogg protested and was also expelled. Shelley's death near Spezia in Italy in 1822 is commemorated in the NW corner of the quad by the Shelley Memorial, a domed structure containing the marble figure...

Ritson, Joseph

Ritson, Joseph   Quick reference

A Dictionary of English Folklore

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2003

...he saw as their slapdash and dishonest editorial methods. These attacks were so vehemently worded and so personally abusive that, despite often being right in point of fact, he made few friends and many enemies. Combined with his other personal peculiarities—vegetarianism and atheism included—Ritson's pedantry and obsessive behaviour meant that when he died after a brief spell of ‘madness’ he was not much mourned. In hindsight, there is no doubt that his public strictures on the likes of Pinkerton and Percy forced editors of the time and later to be more...

The Korean War and Its Literary Legacies

The Korean War and Its Literary Legacies   Reference library

Daniel Y. Kim

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature and Culture

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2020

...comfort to others, even though he himself can take no comfort in them. Ironically, it is the secret apostate Shin who best exemplifies the core ideals cherished by the religion he longer actually believes in—mercy, charity, and sacrifice. Even after learning the truth of Shin’s atheism, which he shares, Captain Lee too refrains from revealing it or the shattered faith of the twelve ministers. In the end, he has come to recognize that in the face of the horrors visited by war, the very human need to believe that suffering has meaning can be satisfied by...

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