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Xi'an incident

Subject: History

(December 1936) The kidnapping of the Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek while visiting disaffected Manchurian troops at Xi'an. Chiang was captured by conspirators headed by Zhang ...

Bolton v Stone

Bolton v Stone (1951)   Reference library

The New Oxford Companion to Law

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Law
Length:
511 words

...as well known as that of Bolton v Stone ( 1951 ). On an afternoon in August 1947 , members of the Cheetham and Denton St Lawrence 2nd XI were playing cricket at Cheetham's ground in Manchester when a batsman hit a cricket ball over the fence. The ball hit Miss Bessie Stone , a resident of a street adjoining the ground. The ball struck Miss Stone in the head, and caused bleeding, but the wound later became infected and Miss Stone suffered significant pain and disablement as a result of the incident. She commenced proceedings, probably with the aid of...

Abbasid Dynasty

Abbasid Dynasty   Reference library

The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Law, History
Length:
1,385 words

...im islamischen Recht.” In La giustizia nell’alto Medioevo (secoli IX–XI): 11–17 Aprile 1996 , pp. 975–1074. Spoleto, Italy: Centro Italiano di Studi Sull’alto Medioevo, 1997. Kennedy, Hugh . The Early Abbasid Caliphate: A Political History . London: Croom Helm, 1981. Melchert, Christopher . The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th–10th Centuries c.e. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1997. Tillier, Mathieu . Vies des cadis de Misr , 237/851–366/976: Extrait du Rafʿal-isr ʿan qudat Misr d’Ibn Hagar al-ʿAsqalani. Cairo: Institut Français d’...

Inheritance

Inheritance   Reference library

The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Law, History
Length:
11,036 words
Illustration(s):
2

...Gortyn this is explicitly prescribed in column XI of the code; for Athens we must suppose that the same possibility existed. The Heiress. A rule that was probably common to all Greek cities, even if adequate documentation for it exists only for Gortyn and Athens, concerns the situation in which at the time of his death a father left only a daughter (who was referred to as epiklēros in Athens and patrōiokos in Gortyn). In this case, the daughter was obligated to marry the closest paternal relative (usually an uncle or cousin) in such a way that the...

South and Central America

South and Central America   Reference library

The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Law, History
Length:
15,631 words
Illustration(s):
2

...incidents from pre-Hispanic times. In recent news, neighbors of a district burned a guilty thief in the public square. A few years ago, members of an isolated community in the Andes each took a turn beating the administrator of a nearby farm to death for raping their daughters and wives. The central government eventually investigated the incident, but took no action. How could it incarcerate an entire town? Such examples show that traditional provincial justice is still governed by long-established, community-defined precedents, which are broken only at an...

Succession

Succession   Reference library

The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Law, History
Length:
35,879 words
Illustration(s):
3

...feudal incident, as he kept the income for himself. He was also entitled to choose a husband for an infant female heir, thus ensuring that he had a loyal supporter. Collaterals and Ascendants. Despite the outcome of the casus Regis , it was settled during the thirteenth century that a deceased child's descendants should succeed in preference to a surviving uncle or aunts. Thus, if a tenant had two sons and the eldest son died before his father, leaving a child, it was that child who would inherit. If that child died without a descendant—that is, an heir by...

China

China   Reference library

Encyclopedia of Human Rights

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Social sciences
Length:
13,083 words

...the country. There, however, protest movements mirroring Beijing's were put down relatively peacefully, particularly in Shanghai. Even in Xian and Changsha, local authorities who had used violent methods to suppress protest in late April responded relatively cautiously in June. Citizens were terrified, but they were also outraged: the abiding image of the onslaught remains the picture of the lone man defying an approaching tank that then maneuvered around him, a picture that reflects not only the courage of unarmed Chinese citizens but also the...

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