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Querini, Vincenzo (1479–1514) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...famous Libellus ad Leonem X of 1513 , a visionary and radical proposal for the revitalization of the entire church. The two Camaldolese minced no words in calling for a thorough cleansing of abuses at all levels of the hierarchy, the revision of the code of canon law, liturgical uniformity, and the tightening of discipline in religious orders. Most remarkable were their sweeping recommendations for missions to the newly discovered lands in America and for union with Eastern Christians. Querini's sudden death thwarted Pope Leo X 's plan to appoint him a...
Pio, Alberto (1475–1531) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...him of Carpi ( 1523 ) and confer it formally on Alfonso I d'Este ( 1530 ). For fifteen years ( 1512–1527 ) the papal court was the base of Pio's operations, and he enjoyed there the personal friendship and confidence of Julius II , Leo X , and Clement VII. In 1518 he married Cecilia Orsini, the daughter of Leo X's first cousin, by whom he had two daughters and a son, Giulio, who soon died. A friend and patron of humanists and artists, Pio was an important figure in the Roman academy. On religious matters he espoused pious, learned, and conservative...
Hutchins, Thomas (1730–89) Reference library
Charles W. J. Withers
The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment
...being Part of the Territory of the United States, N. W. of the River Ohio, surveyed in conformity to an Ordinance of Congress of May 20th, 1785, under Direction of Thos. Hutchins, late geographer to the United States (Philadelphia, 1796). Further Reading Bond, Beverley Waugh , ed. The Courses of the Ohio River. Taken by Lt. T. Hutchins, Anno 1766, and Two Accompanying Maps (Cincinnati, OH, 1942). Corgan, James X. “Hutchins, Thomas”, in American National Biography , ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Canes , vol. 11 (New York, 1999), pp. 594–5. ...
Paul III (1468–1549) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...was intimate with Farnese's sister, Giulia. As cardinal (appointed 1493 ) but prior to his priestly ordination ( 1519 ), he kept a mistress and fathered four children, three of whom (Pier Luigi, Paolo, and Ranuccio) were legitimized during the papal reigns of Julius II and Leo X . Many consider Paul III the first pope committed to efficacious reform of the Catholic church in the sixteenth century. The reasons for this include his election announcement of his intention to hold a general council, as well as his consistent promotion of qualified candidates to...
Portugal Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...of the Congo and Angola stagnated because of the slave trade, the Christian message was carried, with Jesuits in the forefront, to Portuguese Asia and Brazil. Despite European anxieties and prejudice, natives were often educated and ordained to the clergy. In 1518 Leo X consecrated as a bishop a son of the king of Congo, who in 1521 established his see in his homeland. Goa became Christian, while the indigenous Nestorian Christian community of the Malabar Coast was coerced into orthodoxy. In Japan, after considerable success and a belated...
Bible Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...were detected by Johannes Oecolampadius, the future reformer of Basel, a proofreader for the printer Johann Froben. This publishing house printed a first run of three thousand copies of the Novum Instrumentum , which sold quickly. The Novum Instrumentum , dedicated to Pope Leo X , consisted of an introduction, the Greek text, the new Latin translations, and notes. On the basis of the manuscripts he consulted, Erasmus omitted 1 John 5:7, the Comma Johanneum (“Johannine Comma”), which he subsequently reinstated in his 1522 third complete edition. One of...
Music Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...the Fathers, specifically Augustine. The Pauline texts indicated the character, if not the form, of ideal worship and the role of music in it, justifying heartfelt singing to build up the church. He found further support for that “gift of God” in Augustine's Confessiones (book X, 33), which testified to music's powerful effect on the emotions but which also warned against attending to its melodic beauty at the expense of the sacred texts. For that reason and acknowledging his own experience of the emotional force of psalms in worship, Calvin insisted on a...
ZHU Youlang (Nov., 1623–1662, June) Reference library
J. C. Yang
Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period (Rev)
...on January 7, 1647 at Sanshui, Guangdong. On January 20 the Manchu troops, led by Li Chengdong , took Guangzhou, whereupon Zhu Yuyue committed suicide to avoid capture. A few days later Zhu Youlang again fled westward to Wuzhou. On February 20 Zhaoqing fell to the Manchus, and he fled northward—first to Pingluo, Guangxi, and at the end of the month to Guilin in the same province. In this emergency all of his high officials, except Qu Shisi, left him. After the Manchus took Pingluo, he fled (March 20) northward to Quanzhou. In the meantime Qu Shisi was...
ZHANG Guangsi (d. 1749, Jan. 30) Reference library
Alfred Kühn
Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period (Rev)
...Zhang Guangsi seems to have been unjustly punished for his share in the campaigns. 1/303/7b; 2/17/22a; 2/22/11b; 9/19/12b; 11/38/3b; Haenisch, E., “Die Eroberung des Goldstromlandes in Ost-Tibet” in Asia Major (1935), vol. X fasc. 2, pp. 262–313; 雍正硃批諭旨 Yongzheng zhupi yuzhi; 史料旬刊 Shiliao xunkan , no. 11, pp. 391–93, no. 20, pp. 698–704; Donghua lu , Qianlong 13:12. Alfred Kühn ...
1910s: 1910 - 1919
...World Encyclopedia 1 20th century Politics Europe Spain 1913 1913 The Woolworth Building opens in New York as the world's tallest skyscraper, a distinction it retains until 1930 Woolworth, Frank Winfield (1852–1919) The Encyclopedia of the History of American Management 1 20th century Architecture American architecture North America United States 1913 1913 Lawrence Bragg and his father, William, together develop X-ray crystallography, based on the diffraction patterns of crystals X-ray crystallography A Dictionary of Physics 6 20th century Science Physics...
1900s: 1900 - 1909
...film company cinema World Encyclopedia 1 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States 1903 1903 Giuseppe Sarto is elected pope and takes the name Pius X Pius X, St (1835–1914) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 20th century Religion Christianity Papacy Europe Italy 1903 1903 British philosopher G.E. Moore publishes Principia Ethica , an attempt to apply logic to ethics Moore, G. E. (1873–1958) The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English 1 Edwardian era 20th century Literature English literature...
19th century: 1800 - 1900
...composer Gioacchino Rossini moves to Paris, where he becomes director of the Théatre Italien Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio Oxford Dictionary of English 3 Performing arts Music Opera Europe France Italy 1824 1824 The reactionary Charles X succeeds to the throne of France on the death of his brother Louis XVIII Charles X (1757–1836) World Encyclopedia 1 Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe France 1824 1824 Leading only one half of the ruling Republican party, John Quincy Adams wins the US presidential election Adams, John Quincy (1767–1848) World...
20th century: 1900 - 1999
...1903 1903 Edwin S. Porter directs The Great Train Robbery , providing a big commercial success for Thomas Edison's film company cinema World Encyclopedia 1 1900s Performing arts Film North America United States 1903 1903 Giuseppe Sarto is elected pope and takes the name Pius X Pius X, St (1835–1914) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 1900s Religion Christianity Papacy Europe Italy 1903 1903 British philosopher G.E. Moore publishes Principia Ethica , an attempt to apply logic to ethics Moore, G. E. (1873–1958) The Oxford Companion to...
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