Foucault, Michel (1926–1984) Reference library
Mary C. Rawlinson
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...every other objectivity, it is subject to the apparatuses of power-knowledge. In fact, this understanding of the work of art as an effect of power-knowledge is suggested even in Foucault’s early work. Nearly every work begins and develops from an emblematic image: the stultifera navis or ship of fools in Madness and Civilization , the scene of the dissecting table in The Birth of the Clinic , or the panopticon in Discipline and Punish . In each case the image provides a summative expression of the “apparatus” or system of power-knowledge that produced...
Structuralism Reference library
Stuart Sim
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...posited the existence of large-scale institutional structures within an ideology that worked to control the thought and behavior of individual human beings (thus functioning like the deep structure of ideology). These structures were Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs for short) and the Repressive State Apparatus (RSA). The former category included such phenomena as the legal and educational systems and the media, while the latter comprised the government, police, and army. Collectively, these entities worked to prevent the questioning of the dominant...
Ideology and Education Reference library
David Backer
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education
...of this police concept of ideology in particular. Students in an anarchist collective in Paris used the slogan “Get rid of the cop in your head!” Althusser dismisses this idea of ideology as a “cop in your head,” as it mistakes exploitation and repression, imbuing the repressive state apparatuses with too much authority and ultimately ignoring how ideology functions (and the first part of his account, which stipulates that people “‘go’ all by themselves” by making ideological choices in “good” conscience). Finally, ideology for Althusser is not a set of...
Independence Movements Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought
...and dislocations, and popular disillusionment soon became the order of the day. It was neocolonialism at work—an indication that what Africa got was mere flag independence. The main apparatuses of the state, except for what Claude Ake called “the mere change of guards,” by which he meant the whites yielding office to the blacks, remain intact, to the disempowerment of the state and society. It was glaring that the new elites of power were merely political stooges of the colonial order, which was partly why they could not deal with the inimical vestiges of...
Educational Biopolitics Reference library
Gregory Bourassa
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education
...of the social contract, the state is transformed from a “weakened welfare state into an increasingly powerful racialized warfare state” ( Giroux, 2009 , p. 71). With this shift, the racial, punitive, and carceral state apparatuses converge and prefigure disposable populations as a threat that must be contained. Prisons become the primary disciplinary apparatuses that regulate and govern disposable populations. According to Giroux, “The institution of the prison is at the ideological center of the biopolitics of the punishing state dutifully inscribing its...
Marxism and Educational Theory Reference library
Mike Cole
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education
... Louis Althusser ( 1971 ) differentiates between what he calls the repressive state apparatuses ( RSAs ) (government, administration, army, police, courts, prisons) and the ideological state apparatuses ( ISAs ) (religion, education, family, law, politics, trade unions, communication, culture). The RSAs operate primarily by force and control. The ISAs , on the other hand, operate primarily through ideology. However, it needs to be pointed out that the two state apparatuses function both by violence and by ideology. For Althusser, whereas the religious...
Structuralism Reference library
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics
...posited the existence of large-scale institutional structures within an ideology that worked to control the thought and behavior of individual human beings (thus functioning like the deep structure of ideology). These structures were Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs for short) and the Repressive State Apparatus (RSA). The former category included such phenomena as the legal and educational systems and the media, the latter the government, police, and army. Collectively, these entities worked to prevent questioning of the dominant ideology of a society, as...
Postcolonial Philosophy of Education in the Philippines Reference library
Noah Romero
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education
...p. 375–376). Indigenous identity and, by extension, education, is intertwined with ancestral land, which conflicts with the state’s technocratic development goals. As such, conflicts and hostilities inevitably arise when ancestral lands are targeted for modern “development” in the form of extractive capitalism. For funding and accreditation purposes, Indigenous schools and education programs must meet the requirements of a state apparatus dominated by lowlanders, whose perspectives and prejudices often serve to marginalize the educative goals of IPs. As such,...
Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund Reference library
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics
...a theory of their economic underpinnings and cultural impact, such trends cannot be properly understood or evaluated. Autonomy According to Adorno, the emergence of advanced capitalism, with its ever-tighter fusion of state and economic power, does not leave the arts unaffected. Where these do not provide fodder for the culture industry apparatus, they become all the more alienated from mainstream society. Increased alienation does not lessen their social significance, however, for it gives them the distance needed for social critique and utopian projection....
Postmodernism in Education Reference library
Marek Tesar, Andrew Gibbons, Sonja Arndt, and Nina Hood
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education
...the end of the grand narratives and hopes of modernity and the impossibility of continuing with the totalizing social theories and revolutionary politics of the past” (p. 27); in Deleuze and Guattari’s introduction of schizoanalysis and rhizomatics as a way to counteract the “repressive territorializations of desire throughout society and everyday life” and to seek possible “lines of escape” ( 2013 , p. 27); and in Laclau and Mouffe’s radical ( Best & Kellner, 1991 ) democratic critique of modern political theory, including modern Marxism. On the other hand,...
