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Peloponnesian League
The earliest known and longest‐lasting Greek offensive and defensive alliance. The name is modern and inaccurate, since the alliance was neither all‐ and only Peloponnesian nor a league (the members ...
decarchies
Were juntas, lit. ‘ten‐man rules’, established under the aegis of Lysander in parts of the former Athenian empire (see delian league) following Sparta's victory in the Peloponnesian War. They were ...
alliance (Greek)
An agreement between states to fight together against a common enemy. Such alliances might be made either for a limited period or for all time. In a full offensive and defensive alliance it was ...
Cleomenes I
Agiad king of Sparta (reigned c.520–490 bc), son of Anaxandridas II by a second, bigamous union. His long, activist reign was one of the half‐dozen most influential on record. He pursued an ...
Clazomenae
One of the twelve cities of the Panionium, situated on the south shore of the gulf of Smyrna on a small island joined to the mainland by a causeway. The ...
Sestus
A city of the Thracian Chersonesus (1), located on an elevated plateau overlooking a bay favoured by wind and current. Sestus commanded the main crossing of the Hellespont (Dardanelles), lying ...
Histiaea
A city on the NW coast of Euboea, with a rich plain facing Thessaly. It was said to have been founded from Thessaly by Ellopians, and in the Catalogue of ...
Molossi
Common name of tribes forming a tribal state (koinon) in Epirus, which originated in northern Pindus (including the Orestae, Fragmente der griechischen Historiker 1 F 107) and expanded southwards, ...
Mantinea
Polis in the northern part of the upland plain of modern Tripolis in eastern Arcadia. Mantinea frequently quarrelled with neighbouring Tegea over the flooding of excess water in the plain ...
tribute lists
Records of the aparchai (first‐fruits) of one‐sixtieth given as an offering to Athena from the tribute paid by the members of the Delian League after the treasury was moved from Delos to Athens, very ...
Megara
City between Athens and Corinth. It had only difficult access through mountains to the Corinthian Gulf, at Aegosthena and Pagae; its best territory, the plain near the city, was close to Nisaea, the ...
panhellenism
The idea that what the Greeks have in common, and what distinguishes them from barbarians, is more important than what divides them. The word is not ancient, though Panhellēněs is used of the Greeks ...
Pausanias
Grandson of Pausanias (1), Agiad king of Sparta 445–426 and 409–395 bc: his first reign was as a minor during the temporary deposition of his father Pleistoanax. In 403 he undermined Lysander's ...
perioikoi
‘dwellers round about’, were neighbouring people, often constituting groups of subjects or half‐citizens, normally with local self‐government. The best‐known group of perioikoi are those of the ...
Chilon
Spartan ephor (c.556 bc), whose wit and wisdom gained him place among the ‘Seven Sages’ of Greece. Related by marriage to kings of both houses, he was said to have been the first to ‘yoke the ephors ...
Sciōnē
City near the tip of the western (Pallene) peninsula of Chalcidice. It normally paid 6 talents tribute to Athens in the time of the Delian League. Its most famous hour was its enthusiastic but unwise ...
Delian League
A voluntary alliance formed by the Greek city-states in 478–447 bc to seek revenge for losses suffered during the Greek-Persian wars. All members paid tribute in the form of ships or money, the ...
Achaean Confederacy
Federal organization developed by the twelve Achaean cities united in cult of Zeus. First mentioned in 453 bc as Athenian allies, Achaea's independence was guaranteed in 446 (Thirty Years Peace). In ...
Peloponnesus
The large peninsula of southern mainland Greece, joined to Attica and Boeotia by the Isthmus of Corinth, a mountainous area of complex topography. All the north is highland, from the ...
Leuctra
Place in SW Boeotia where the Boeotians defeated the Spartans in 371 bc. Epaminondas of Thebes massed his Thebans, 50 deep, on his left, opposite the Spartans themselves, with the élite Sacred Band ...
