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African Historical Geography, Landscapes, and Environmental Change Reference library
Katherine Homewood
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Historiography: Methods and Sources
...from grass, and microscopic fragments of charcoal, all used to reconstruct past environments. Grasses and other monocotyledonous plants often produce characteristically shaped phytoliths of silica and/or calcium, readily preserved and mineralizing, under the right conditions, to opal. All of these components, their presence/absence and proportional contribution to the overall core, constitute proxy measures of environmental characteristics. Total volumes of phytoliths, such as have been retrieved from oceanic cores off west equatorial Africa, may indicate...
