offence against the state
mutiny Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)
... n. An offence under the Armed Forces Act 2006 committed by any member of HM forces who combines with one or more other members (whether or not civilians are also involved) to overthrow or resist lawful authority in those forces or any forces cooperating with them. If a civilian is involved, his conduct will be a matter for the ordinary criminal...
mutiny Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law Enforcement (2 ed.)
...to impede the performance of any duty in HM forces or any cooperating forces. 2. Mutiny in a prison , contrary Section 1 Prison Security Act 1992) is committed when two or more prisoners, on the premises of any prison, engage in conduct which is intended to further a common purpose of overthrowing lawful authority in that prison. The offence is aimed at behaviour intended to make a prison, or part of a prison,...
tolpuddle martyrs Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...Acts, which made the mere fact of combination a criminal offence, were repealed in 1824 . The Combination Act 1825 re‐enacted some criminal offences for acts of molestation and obstruction, but the act for which the Tolpuddle martyrs were convicted was simply that of forming a trade union supported, as was common at the time, by an oath of fidelity. Prosecution of workers under the Unlawful Oaths Act 1797 , an Act passed in response to naval mutinies, undermined the repeal of the Combination Acts. The conduct of the trial of the Tolpuddle martyrs...
piracy Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...the coastal state's exclusive jurisdiction. Warships and government ships are assimilated to private ships if their crew has mutinied and taken control; otherwise the ‘official’ nature of actions by such ships precludes their classification as piracy. Privateers (private ships furnished by the state in times of war with a commission to carry out hostile acts against enemy shipping) are not pirates so long as they operate within their commission. For centuries, pirates have been considered hostis humani generis —an enemy of humankind. Piracy is an international...
military law Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...applied to members of the other British armed services. However as a result of the enactment of the Armed Forces Act 2006 , there is now a uniform and tripartite code of law applicable across all services which replaces the separate service discipline codes formerly contained in the Army Act 1955 , the Air Force Act 1955 , and the Naval Discipline Act 1957 . Military law is particularly concerned with prescribing military offences such as mutiny, desertion, going absent without leave, insubordination and conduct to the prejudice of good order, and military...
armed forces Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...( Army General Administrative Instructions ), have authorized, since January 2005 , the imposition of low‐level punishments for minor disciplinary infractions. There are distinct military offences which have no counterpart in civilian law, such as the offences of mutiny, desertion, misconduct in action, disobedience to standing orders and conduct prejudicial to good order and service discipline. Service personnel are, however, also subject to the provisions of English criminal law and therefore could face prosecution before military courts for such offences as...
The Amistad Quick reference
The Oxford Guide to United States Supreme Court Decisions (2 ed.)
...to Spain to stand trial for murder and mutiny and that the cargo be returned to its owners. Failing that action, the United States wanted the Africans tried as criminals in the United States. In the lower federal courts, Roger S. Baldwin , a future governor of Connecticut, argued on behalf of the Africans. Baldwin insisted that the alleged mutiny had occurred in international waters and therefore the United States had no jurisdiction to punish the Africans. Baldwin also argued that the United States should not act as a slave-catcher for foreign...
Slavery Reference library
Paul Finkelman
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (2 ed.)
...how the Court dealt with the trade. In United States v. Gooding ( 1827 ), the Court, continuing its opposition to the African trade, upheld an interpretation of the 1818 act that allowed prosecution of secret owners of vessels illegally participating in the trade. United States v. The Amistad ( 1841 ) involved a Spanish ship that had drifted into American waters after a mutiny of slaves left most of the crew dead. All of the mutinous slaves had been recently imported from Africa in violation of Spanish law. The case became a major abolitionist cause...
pirate ship or aircraft Reference library
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (3 ed.)
...control to be used for the purpose of committing as one of the acts referred to in article 101 [acts of piracy]. The same applies if the ship or aircraft has been used to commit any such act, so long as it remains under the control of the persons guilty of that act.’ Warships, government ships, and government aircraft become pirate ships and aircraft if the crew ‘has mutinied and taken control’ of the vessel or craft: art....
Indian Subcontinent Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...blunders.” The Anglo-Indian codes were systematically enforced by the courts. A new system of governance was installed in 1857 , after the first war of Indian independence, which the British prefer to call a “mutiny.” Above a hierarchy of lower civil and criminal courts, a new High Court system for each province was introduced by the High Courts Act, 1861 . Appeals lay to the High Courts and from there to the Privy Council in London. The original High Courts of the presidency towns of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras were followed by High Courts in Allahabad (...
Censorship Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...the Almohad caliph Abu Yaʿqub Yusuf ( d. 1184 ). Political revolt. Logically, “forbidding wrong” must be followed by “correcting the unlawful act.” Simply put, the course is: denunciation of the reprehensible ruler's conduct, reproof, opposition, and finally open revolt. It was used as a political weapon against caliph ʿUthman, ending with his murder in 656. Another widely known example is the 657 Khariji mutiny and secession from ʿAli's troops at Haruraʾ. The slogan was “the decision belongs only to God ( lā ḥukm illā li-l-llah ).” The following step was...
Ottoman Empire: Islamic Law in Asia Minor (Turkey) and the Ottoman Empire Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...of the eighteenth century on, military defeats led to territorial losses. The government increased taxes, borrowed against projected revenue, and mortgaged endowment property in order to raise the funds to build a stronger army. Peasant uprisings, popular urban protests, and mutinies followed. Provincial power magnets became alienated and rebellious. New military defeats aggravated internal political crises. Independence movements of important provinces, such as Egypt, could only be quelled by alliances with European powers in return for extraordinarily...
Criminal Law Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...December 31, 1837. Although its recommendations did not find immediate acceptance and the draft was revised by Sir Barnes Peacock , posterity hailed Macaulay's Code. The suppression of the Mutiny of 1857 and transfer of government from the East India Company to the Crown made a Penal Code even more necessary and the Indian Penal Code became law on October 6, 1860, as Act XLV of 1860 . In drafting the Indian Penal Code, Commissioners undoubtedly derived much help from the French Penal Code and Livingston's Code of Louisiana. But, above all, the basis of the...
Chinese Law, History of Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...uniform ways. Among the behaviors regulated by legal organs were those which would be governed by both substantive and procedural rules. The former, composed of offenses that in Anglo-American law would be subsumed under military, criminal, and civil law, include the following: mutiny, violation of private agreements, sales, theft, perjury, contravention of taxation regulations, disorderly and inappropriate drinking, malefaction, murder, transgression in pursuit of material goods, failure to heed and implement the king's commands, use of force, improper...
Abortion Politics and Policy Reference library
Daniel K. Williams
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Political and Legal History
...Peter Charles Hoffer. Roe v. Wade: The Abortion Rights Controversy in American History . Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2010. Luker, Kristin. Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. McKeegan, Michele. Abortion Politics: Mutiny in the Ranks of the Right . New York: Free Press, 1992. Reagan, Leslie J. When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867–1973 . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Risen, James, and Judy L. Thomas. Wrath of Angels: The American...
Belgian Congo Reference library
Encyclopedia of Human Rights
...Nzansu's men fought on sporadically for five years more, and no record of his fate exists. The regime also faced resistance from within its own army, whose resentful African conscripts sometimes joined forces with the rebel groups they were supposed to be suppressing. The largest mutiny involved three thousand troops and an equal number of auxiliaries and porters, and continued for three years. “The rebels displayed a courage worthy of a better cause,” acknowledged the army's official history—which, remarkably, devoted fully one-quarter of its pages to the...
Indo-Pak Massacres Reference library
Encyclopedia of Human Rights
...independent India, that the police were the main cause of their “misfortune.” They said that they could better defend themselves if the police were removed from the scene. With the exception of the Rawalpindi Central Kotwali police station, where Muslim constables appear to have mutinied against their officers, the constables appear to have taken their cue from their police and civilian superiors. There are parallels here again with major episodes of communal violence in postindependence India. Significantly, violence did not occur in March 1947 in such places...
Cambodia Reference library
Encyclopedia of Human Rights
...1997 that further focused international attention on accountability for its atrocities. Son Sen and his family were executed, presumably under orders from Pol Pot. Ta Mok also became a target of Pol Pot. Although Ta Mok received assistance from some troops initially, they later mutinied against him. In 1998 Pol Pot died after a trial held by the remaining Khmer Rouge forces, for ordering the execution of Son Sen. The international community became increasingly concerned about the prosecution of Khmer Rouge leaders after Pol Pot's death. The negotiations...
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire Reference library
Encyclopedia of Human Rights
...the best known of which was the Young Ottomans, later called the Young Turks, which evolved into the Committee of Union and Progress ( CUP ). After 1902 the Young Turk movement, which many dhimmi supported, took hold, mostly at military schools and army centers, and mutinies began to break out across the empire. In June 1908 several officers, including Enver Bey, who was twenty-seven, led an insurrection outside of Salonika; it led to a coup that the sultan was unable to put down. On 24 July 1908 he assented to the Young Turks’ demand that he...
