player migration
UEFA
UEFA Champions League
Albert Goodwill Spalding
Jim Thorpe
labour migration
Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji
sport in fascism
Joe DiMaggio
globalization Quick reference
A Dictionary of Sociology (4 ed.)
...ecological crisis; the development of world-wide health problems such as AIDS; the emergence of world political systems such as the League of Nations and the United Nations; the creation of global political movements such as Marxism; extension of the concept of human rights; and the complex interchange between world religions. More importantly, globalism involves a new consciousness of the world as a single place. Globalization has been described, therefore, as ‘the concrete structuration of the world as a whole’: that is, a growing awareness at a global level...
Union Leagues Reference library
Mitchell Snay
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...Michael W. The Union League Movement in the Deep South: Politics and Agricultural Change during Reconstruction . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989. Though limited to Alabama and Mississippi, the most thorough and intelligent modern study of the Union Leagues. Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 . New York: Harper & Row, 1988. The best synthesis of the post-revisionist view of Reconstruction that centers on the story of emancipation and its aftermath. Hahn, Steven. A Nation under Our Feet: Black...
Anti-Saloon League Reference library
Thomas R. Pegram
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...League The Anti-Saloon League (ASL) was an innovative, controversial lobbying group that spearheaded campaigns for local and state bans on beverage alcohol, campaigns that culminated in 1920 in the implementation of national Prohibition. First organized in Ohio in 1893 , the ASL quickly established state affiliates through much of the nation. Staffed by Protestant ministers and attorneys, the ASL dedicated itself to a practical, politicized form of dry activism. It ignored other reform causes to focus solely on the fight against liquor. Instead of...
International League of Muslim Women Reference library
Natana J. DeLong-Bas
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women
...Deen Muhammad, head of the Nation of Islam, rendering the organization a lens onto African American Muslim life and community service. The League's mission statement identifies its members as Muslim women with a desire to provide service to the needy and promote a spirit of unity, collective work, responsibility, self-determination, creativity, and faith. It does this by working with both individuals and families through activities ranging from provision of guidance, counseling, and mentoring, particularly for parents and children, to addressing peoples’...
Kelley, Florence Reference library
Kathryn Kish Sklar
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...secretary-general of the newly formed National Consumers League (NCL). Returning to New York City, she lived at the Henry Street Settlement on Manhattan’s Lower East Side. Building sixty-four local leagues by 1906 , Kelley, in cooperation with other women’s organizations, worked to make American government more responsive to the needs of working people, especially wage-earning women and children. Using gender-specific legislation as a surrogate for class legislation, Kelley defended the constitutionality of legislation limiting the hours of working women,...
League of United Latin American Citizens Reference library
Benjamin Márquez
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
... of United Latin American Citizens In 1929 , Mexican American political activists gathered in Corpus Christi , Texas , to unite various south Texas civil rights organizations for Mexican Americans under a single banner. With the leadership of Ben Garza Jr. and Alonso Perales, representatives from existing civil rights groups, including the Sons of America , the League of Latin American Citizens, and the Order of Knights of America , formed what ultimately became the largest and most influential Mexican American civil rights organization in the...
Sports, Professional Reference library
Steven A. Riess
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...participation and improve the quality of play. By 1869 there were a number of fully professional teams, most notably the all-salaried Cincinnati Red Stockings, whose players were paid from $600 to $2,000 a year. Two years later the first professional league began, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. It was supplanted in 1876 by the business-oriented National League. Beginning in 1903 the winning club of the National League and the winning club of the two-year-old American League began playing the annual World Series to...
Daughters of the American Revolution Reference library
Simon Wendt
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...As early as the 1920 s the DAR warned of the potentially detrimental effect of socialism and the League of Nations on the United States . The DAR rejected the New Deal, considering it inspired by communism, and remained fervently anti-communist throughout the Cold War. It continues to oppose the membership of the United States in the United Nations, which its leaders believe undermines the nation’s sovereignty. In the twenty-first century, the DAR is remembered primarily for barring the black singer Marian Anderson from its Constitution Hall in ...
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union Reference library
Ian Tyrrell
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...and the World WCTU’s vice president. Somerset’s support of state-regulated prostitution in the British Empire and her reputed hostility to prohibition added to the friction. After Willard’s death, the WCTU returned to a more conservative stance, but it never fully abandoned the “do everything” policy. After 1898 the Anti-Saloon League, led by Protestant ministers, emerged as the leader of a resurgent and narrowly focused prohibition movement, but the WCTU provided grassroots backup. With ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment, national prohibition, in ...
International Laws and Treaties on Women's Status Reference library
Roja Fazaeli
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women
...an important point in the history of international women's movements and the development of international law. The conference, which led to the establishment of the League of Nations ( 1920–1946 ), included women in some provisions and decisions. Consequently some aspects of women's rights were enshrined in the Covenant of the League of Nations. For example, Article 23, paragraph (a) of the Covenant asks the member states “to secure and maintain fair and humane conditions of labour for men, women, and children.” Paragraph (c) of the same article requires the...
Addams, Jane Reference library
Louise W. Knight
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...must finally result in a loss of enthusiasm for [democracy]” ( Jane, Addams, The Second Twenty Years at Hull-House [New York: Macmillan, 1930], p. 401). Addams worked through local, state, and national groups to achieve the social reforms that she thought so necessary. She was a member of the National Child Labor Committee, a cofounder and board member of the Women’s Trade Union League, a member of the Chicago Board of Education, a vice president of the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, a vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage...
