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Henry Cromwell
(1628–74).Oliver's fourth son. Captain of horse at 19, he rose to command his own cavalry regiment in his father's expeditionary force to Ireland in 1650. He stayed on there ...
battle of Worcester
1651.In July 1650 Charles II landed in Scotland and was crowned at Scone on 1 January 1651. But finding his army outflanked by Cromwell, he moved south in August, making for the old royalist ...
Henry Ireton
(1611–51).Ireton was plunged into the Civil War, since he was appointed by Parliament to command the horse at Nottingham two months before Charles I raised his standard in the same town. He fought at ...
Thomas Cromwell
(c. 1485–1540).Thomas Cromwell was the second great minister to whom Henry VIII gave much trust and the one most personally associated with the programme which made Henry VIII supreme head of the ...
Sir Henry the elder Vane
(1589–1655) and(1613–62).Politicians of contrasted character. The father was a worldly minded courtier, bent on accumulating a great landed estate. The son was a radical puritan with mystical ...
Oliver Cromwell
(1599–1658).General and lord protector. It is still difficult to appreciate the unique character of Cromwell's career. In a country governed by custom, precedent, and the common law, Cromwell ...
Act in Restraint of Appeals
(1533).The Act (24 Hen. VIII c. 12), largely the work of Thomas Cromwell, was a crucial step in Henry VIII's assertion of royal supremacy. He had already moved against the clergy with accusations of ...
2nd earl of Manchester, Edward Montagu
(1602–71).Parliamentary commander during the Civil War. Manchester was sympathetic towards presbyterianism and a leading opponent of the king before the outbreak of war. He fought in the opening ...
Protector
A regent in charge of a kingdom during the minority, absence, or incapacity of the sovereign. The term in this sense is recorded from late Middle English, at the time of the minority of Henry VI ...
Vicegerent In Spirituals
In 1534 the English Parliament gave legal status to Henry VIII's claim to be supreme head of the church in England, a title that had been accepted by the Convocation ...
Ponsonby
One of the major political connections of the 18th century. The Irish family was founded by Col. Sir John Ponsonby (1608–78), from Cumberland, who served under Cromwell and received land ...
Edmund Ludlow
(c. 1617–92).Ludlow was one of a group of austere republicans that included Vane and Haselrig. His father Sir Henry Ludlow, a Wiltshire landowner, represented the county in the Long ...
Sir Anthony St Leger
(c. 1496–1559).Lord deputy of Ireland. Of a Kentish family, St Leger married the niece and heiress of Warham, archbishop of Canterbury, and rose under the patronage of Thomas Cromwell. In 1540 he ...
Charles Cromwell Ingham
(1796–1863).Painter. A portrait specialist, he also produced genre scenes and occasional landscapes. Much admired for the delicacy of his highly finished surfaces, for the sensuous luster he imparted ...
Drogheda
A port in the NE Republic of Ireland, where in 1649 the inhabitants were massacred after refusing to surrender to Oliver Cromwell's forces.
Agreement of the People
1647.A set of counter‐proposals from the radical members of the army, who were concerned at the concessions which the army council had offered the king in the Heads of the Proposals. The Agreement, ...
3rd duke of Norfolk, Thomas Howard
(1473–1554).Norfolk's first wife was a daughter of Edward IV; he was uncle to both Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard. After fighting under his father at Flodden, he was created earl of Surrey when his ...
1st earl of Arlington, Henry Bennet
(1618–85).Having fought for the crown in the Civil War, the future foreign minister of Charles II represented him at Madrid during Cromwell's alliance with France against Spain. Financially dependent ...
Anne of Cleves
(1515–57),4th queen of Henry VIII. The daughter of John, 3rd duke of Cleves, Anne was suggested by Thomas Cromwell as a wife for Henry VIII to strengthen the protestant alliance. On first meeting, in ...
A Man for All Seasons
A: Robert Bolt Pf: 1960, London Pb: 1960 G: Hist. drama in 2 acts S: Various locations in London and environs, 1526–35 C: 11m, 3fThe Common Man as narrator introduces the play and comments ...
