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Historical Representations of Crime and the Criminal Reference library
Eamonn Carrabine
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Crime, Media, and Popular Culture
...of the Virgin Mary and may well have performed similar functions in Reformation England ( Burke, 2001 , p. 59). Religious worship, festivals, and ceremonies also played an important ritual role that has remained significant. Another significant ritual occasion for pre-industrial societies was the carnival . Here the established customs, rigid hierarchies, and social rules were temporarily overturned at fairs, feasts, processions, wakes, and other forms of popular festivity that often accompanied the formal religious feasts. The significance of the...
Folk Sports Reference library
Henning EICHBERG
Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (3 ed.)
...ironic situations of the unwanted outcomes (one fighter pulls the shirt over another fighter’s head, causing them both to blindly swing around; a situation unlikely to happen in a real fight). The grotesque body is a display of what is un-perfect in human shape. The fool and the carnival are images of what is going “wrong” in life. All this gives birth to laughter, which is thus linked to a deep recognition of human failure—and it is excluded by a culture of perfection. In other words, the human being is not perfect—this was the narrative of the folk games....
Consumption Reference library
Sue Bowden, Ian Blanchard, Lee A. Craig, and Olle Krantz
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History
...themselves for their relaxation were of much greater significance. Amid that considerable amount of unsanctified time, certain periods enjoyed a fixity and importance that was paralleled only in the observance of the major holy days. Even when forced by economic circumstances to abandon their free time, they clung with such an extraordinary tenacity to certain days in January and February (Saturnalia or the Feast of Fools) and May (Floralia) that it is impossible to doubt the significance of these holidays. As in the case of the holy days, these civil...
Vietnam Reference library
Jakob Pastoetter and J. Pastoetter
Contiuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality
...the responsibility of the eldest son to take care of the various anniversaries during the year. For this, he receives income from a number of rice fields or land as a hereditary state. The eldest son records the ancestor's date of death in a family register. On the day of the anniversary, the chief of the family, properly attired, stands solemnly before the altar, with three sticks of incense in his hands, held to the level of his forehead, and says the pseudonym, the real name, and the date of death, and invites the ancestor to the feast. At the same time, he...
Lomna Quick reference
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
.... Fool of Fionn mac Cumhaill who betrays the adulterous affair of one of his wives and is murdered for his indiscretion by her lover. Later, his severed head speaks at a feast...
Dáire mac Fiachna Quick reference
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
...mac Fiachna . Original owner of Donn Cuailnge , the Brown Bull of Cuailnge or Cooley, in Táin Bó Cuailnge [Cattle Raid of Cooley]. After promising Donn Cuailnge to Medb of Connacht , Dáire overheard messengers, drunk at a feast, say he was a fool to hand over the bull. When Dáire then refused, Medb and her armies advanced into Ulster to take Donn Cuailnge by force. In a sense, this otherwise obscure Ulster chief set in motion the war in Ireland's greatest epic. See also FIACHNA MAC DÁIRI , whose catching of the ‘water worm’ leads to Donn...
Whitsun ales Quick reference
A Dictionary of English Folklore
...a Lord and Lady, a Fool, and other office-holders to organize and preside over the event. A greenery bower, and morris dancers were also prominent features. The following account summarizes the mock solemnity and humour of a Whitsun ale at Woodstock, Oxfordshire: The Woodstock Whitsun Ale was held every seven years; it began on Holy Thursday, and was carried on the whole of Whitsun week … The day before Holy Thursday the maypole was set up, provided by the Duke of Marlborough, which remained up for the rest of the feast. It was a bare pole ornamented with...
Fenian Cycle Quick reference
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
... [The Colloquy of the Elders]; BRUIDHEAN CHAORTHAINN [The House of the Quicken Trees]; BRUIDHEAN BHEAG NA HALMHAINE [The Little Brawl of the Hill of Allen]; CATH FIONNTRÁGHA [The Battle of Ventry]; CATH GABHRA [The Battle of Gabhair/Gowra]; DUANAIRE FINN [The Poem-Book of Fionn]; EACHTRA AN AMADÁIN MHÓIR [The Adventure of the Great Fool]; EACHTRA BHODAIGH AN CHÓTA LACHTNA [The Adventure of the Churl in the Grey Coat]; FEIS TIGHE CHONÁIN [The Feast at Conán's House]; FOTHA CATHA CHNUCHA [The Cause of the Battle of Cnucha]; MACGNÍMARTHA...
sword dance Quick reference
A Dictionary of English Folklore
... plays. In some areas the sword dancers accompanied, or were part of, the groups of farmworkers who carried round a plough at Christmas or Plough Monday , collecting money to be used for a feast or dance, or simply for drink for themselves. Terminology is also confusing—the sword dancers could be called morris dancers, plough stots, mummers, and so on. Some sword dance traditions included a dramatic element in their performance, and these are normally counted as one of the three distinct types of mumming play, in which a character is killed by having the...
Danielpour, Richard (28 Jan 1956) Reference library
Laurie Shulman
The Grove Dictionary of American Music (2 ed.)
...qnt, 1988; Str Qt no.2 “Shadow Dances,” 1993; Urban Dances II, brass qnt, 1993; Fantasy Variations, vc, pf, 1997; Feast of Fools, bn, str qt, 1998; A Child's Reliquary, pf trio, 1999, orch. 2000; As Night Falls on Barjeantane, vn, pf, 2001; Str Qt no.4 “Apparitions,” 2001 [arr. str, hp, cel/pf, perc, 2003]; Str Qt no.5 (In Search of “La Vita Nuova”), 2004; Troubadours’ Feast, fl, cl, vn, va, vc, pf, 2005; River of Light, vn, pf, 2007; Faces of Guernica, pf trio, 2009; Kaddish, str sxt, 2009 [arr. vn, str, hp, 2011]; Str Qt no.6, “Addio,” 2009; Remembering...
Jesus Reference library
Kathleen E. Corley
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Gender Studies
...however, are portrayed in negative ways: the women are incompetent and the men are often fools. In this regard, Jesus treats the male and female characters in his stories equally as caricatures. Apart from gender, Jesus did have interest in class and class inequity in his culture. He favors the resistant attitude of the lower classes, imagines a kingdom of God where even the poor gather for a feast, and represents the results of the economic injustices of his society in sometimes shockingly realistic ways. There is no evidence, however, that Jesus...
Miami Reference library
Doug Duda
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)
...Gaines, Steven . Fool's Paradise: Players, Poseurs, and the Culture of Excess in South Beach . New York: Crown Publishers, 2009. Gannon, Michael . Florida, a Short History . Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993. Posner, Gerald . Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power—a Dispatch from the Beach . New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. Rieff, David . Going to Miami: Exiles, Tourists, and Refugees in the New America . Boston: Little, Brown, 1987. Standiford, Les . Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that...
Diemer, Emma Lou (24 Nov 1927) Reference library
J. Michele Edwards
The Grove Dictionary of American Music (2 ed.)
...of Life, children's chorus, 1970; Geronimo, children's chorus, 1970 I Will Sing of Mercy and Judgment, chorus, pf/org, 1970 [from Anniversary Choruses]; O to Make the Most Jubilant Song (W. Whitman, A. Tennyson), chorus, pf/org, 1970; Why so Pale and Wan? (J. Suckling), chorus, 1971; 3 Madrigals (W. Shakespeare, T. Campion, J. Donne), chorus, pf/org, 1972; O to Praise God Again, chorus, 1972; Jesus, Lover of My Soul, chorus, fl, pf/org, 1974; Laughing Song (W. Blake), chorus, pf 4 hands/pf, 1974 Love is a Sickness, Full of Woes, SAB, 1974; Men Are Fools that...
Exploration, Conquest, and Settlement in North America Reference library
Peter C. Mancall
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History
...modern Saint Augustine on the east coast of Florida in 1513 , and Hernando de Soto, who led an epic journey from Cuba into the interior of the Southeast from 1539 to 1541 , providing Europeans with their first sustained views of the modern states of Georgia , Alabama , Mississippi , Louisiana , and eastern Texas . In 1540 a conquistador named Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led his troops northward from Mexico and into the Southwest on a fool’s quest for the fabled city of Cíbola, rumored to be a land of gold and jewels. He made it as far as ...
War and Peace in American Popular Culture Reference library
Paul S. Boyer
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Military and Diplomatic History
...for feasts, it suits for fun, And just as well for fighting. George M. Cohan 's adaptation, “Yankee Doodle Dandy,” introduced in a 1904 Broadway musical, captured the jingoistic mood of the turn of the twentieth century. The World War II film Yankee Doodle Dandy showcased the song in a patriotic production number. “The Ballad of Jane McCrea” recounted the 1777 killing of a New York woman by Wyandot Indians allied with the British. John Vanderlyn commemorated the incident in his 1804 painting The Death of Jane McCrea , an early example of the...
Historical Overview Reference library
Andrew F. Smith, John U. Rees, Rachelle E. Friedman, John U. Rees, Alison Tozzi, Kara Newman, Anne Mendelson, Amy Bentley, Sylvia Lovegren, and Sylvia Lovegren
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)
...then. You are fools to make yourselves slaves to a piece of fat bacon, some hard-tack, and a little sugar and coffee.” Soldiers’ Food. Society's idea of the daily food needed for basic sustenance was reflected in the U.S. Army Civil War ration ( 1861–1864 ): … twelve ounces of pork or bacon, or, one pound and four ounces of salt or fresh beef; one pound and six ounces of soft bread or flour, or, one pound of hard bread, or, one pound and four ounces of corn meal; and to every one hundred rations, fifteen pounds of beans or peas, and ten pounds of rice or...
Thomson, Virgil (25 Nov 1896) Reference library
Anthony Tommasini and Richard Jackson
The Grove Dictionary of American Music (2 ed.)
...pf; The Feast of Love (from Pervigilium veneris, trans. Thomson), Bar, orch, 1964 , arr. with pf, unpubd; From Byron's Don Juan, T, orch, 1967 , unpubd With instruments: 5 Phrases from The Song of Solomon, S, perc, 1926 ; Stabat mater (M. Jacob), S, str qt. 1931 , rev. 1981 , arr. S, str orch, unpubd, arr. 1v, pf, 1960 ; 4 Songs to Poems of Thomas Campion, Mez, cl, va, harp, 1951 , arr. Mez, pf, arr. SATB, pf, 1955 With piano: The Sunflower (W. Blake), 1920 , unpubd; Vernal Equinox (A. Lowell), 1920 , unpubd; 3 Sentences from The Song of Solomon, ...
Education Reference library
Heather D. D. Parker, Erin E. Fleming, Timothy J. Sandoval, Daniele Pevarello, Michele Kennerly, Pheme Perkins, Sarit Kattan Gribetz, and Lillian I. Larsen
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Gender Studies
...as the “humanizing” of the young scribe ( Carr, 2005 ). The physical disciplining of youthful scribes can be conceived as part of this humanizing. Just as the Egyptian Instruction of Any (Anii) knew that the wild natures of brutish animals could be tamed through physical discipline, so too Proverbs draws similar analogies: “A whip for the horse, a bridle for the donkey, and a rod for the back of fools” ( 26:3 ). Given the patriarchal and paternalistic tendency of the education envisioned in the Hebrew Bible, the humanizing of male youths through...
Popular Religion and Magic Reference library
Jo-Ann Scurlock, Ann Jeffers, Pauline Hanesworth, Nicola Denzey Lewis, Jared C. Calaway, Mika Ahuvia, and Justin Marc Lasser
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Gender Studies
...fall under the rubric of popular religion. The dead were honored with prayers and small gifts such as a sprinkling of grain, some violets, or bread soaked in wine (Cicero, On the Laws 2.22; Ovid, Fast. 2.533–542); At the Parentalia and Feralia festivals (18–21 February), people brought gifts to the tombs of their family and ancestors and feasted in honor of the dead—practices that carried over into the early Christian era. People of all social classes participated in these rituals, although we can see in the accounts of Cicero and Ovid attempts by the Roman...
Imagery, Gendered Reference library
Elizabeth W. Goldstein, Ken Stone, Julia M. O’Brien, Carole R. Fontaine, Greg Carey, Michal Beth Dinkler, and Susan Grove Eastman
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Gender Studies
... ( Murphy, 1990 ). However, the poems are drenched in the local territory and key vocabulary of the Promised Land that invite a more materialist interpretation. The explicit language and astonishing portrait of female speech and agency outside of (or preceding) a marital relationship scandalized both Jewish and Christian authorities, prompting deliberate mistranslation of some pronouns to gender the sexual advances made as male. The overall allegorizing of the characters, locations, and motifs transforms the Song into a story of love between God and Israel...
