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literature Reference library
Andrew Dalby
The Oxford Companion to Cheese
...and clotted cream, Your fools, your flans … strain ewe’s milk Into your cider syllabubs.” Yet cheese is a valuable food for which even city dwellers will pay highly. The anonymous compiler of the Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris or Parisian Journal , a record of the years 1405–1449 , notes repeatedly the destruction inflicted on the Brie region, close to Paris, by French and foreign armies. He rightly links these violent episodes with the fluctuating availability and price of Brie cheese on Paris markets. In Dutch paintings of the seventeenth century,...
confection Reference library
Laura Mason
The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets
...of sugar work, sweet wines, and dairy dishes like syllabub, fool, and junket were highly popular. See fools ; junket ; and syllabub . Books played a part in this fashion, especially during the seventeenth century, when several volumes of “secrets” including sugar work were published. These were often based on family manuscripts in which wealthy women recorded recipes for confections, or “banqueting stuffe,” alongside recipes for cookery, medicine, perfumes, and cosmetics. Settlers took this habit to New England. Martha Washington’s Booke of Cookery ...
Folk Sports Reference library
Henning EICHBERG
Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (3 ed.)
...ironic situations of the unwanted outcomes (one fighter pulls the shirt over another fighter’s head, causing them both to blindly swing around; a situation unlikely to happen in a real fight). The grotesque body is a display of what is un-perfect in human shape. The fool and the carnival are images of what is going “wrong” in life. All this gives birth to laughter, which is thus linked to a deep recognition of human failure—and it is excluded by a culture of perfection. In other words, the human being is not perfect—this was the narrative of the folk games....
Vietnam Reference library
Jakob Pastoetter and J. Pastoetter
Contiuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality
...the responsibility of the eldest son to take care of the various anniversaries during the year. For this, he receives income from a number of rice fields or land as a hereditary state. The eldest son records the ancestor's date of death in a family register. On the day of the anniversary, the chief of the family, properly attired, stands solemnly before the altar, with three sticks of incense in his hands, held to the level of his forehead, and says the pseudonym, the real name, and the date of death, and invites the ancestor to the feast. At the same time, he...
Lomna Quick reference
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
.... Fool of Fionn mac Cumhaill who betrays the adulterous affair of one of his wives and is murdered for his indiscretion by her lover. Later, his severed head speaks at a feast...
Dáire mac Fiachna Quick reference
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
...mac Fiachna . Original owner of Donn Cuailnge , the Brown Bull of Cuailnge or Cooley, in Táin Bó Cuailnge [Cattle Raid of Cooley]. After promising Donn Cuailnge to Medb of Connacht , Dáire overheard messengers, drunk at a feast, say he was a fool to hand over the bull. When Dáire then refused, Medb and her armies advanced into Ulster to take Donn Cuailnge by force. In a sense, this otherwise obscure Ulster chief set in motion the war in Ireland's greatest epic. See also FIACHNA MAC DÁIRI , whose catching of the ‘water worm’ leads to Donn...
Whitsun ales Quick reference
A Dictionary of English Folklore
...a Lord and Lady, a Fool, and other office-holders to organize and preside over the event. A greenery bower, and morris dancers were also prominent features. The following account summarizes the mock solemnity and humour of a Whitsun ale at Woodstock, Oxfordshire: The Woodstock Whitsun Ale was held every seven years; it began on Holy Thursday, and was carried on the whole of Whitsun week … The day before Holy Thursday the maypole was set up, provided by the Duke of Marlborough, which remained up for the rest of the feast. It was a bare pole ornamented with...
Fenian Cycle Quick reference
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
... [The Colloquy of the Elders]; BRUIDHEAN CHAORTHAINN [The House of the Quicken Trees]; BRUIDHEAN BHEAG NA HALMHAINE [The Little Brawl of the Hill of Allen]; CATH FIONNTRÁGHA [The Battle of Ventry]; CATH GABHRA [The Battle of Gabhair/Gowra]; DUANAIRE FINN [The Poem-Book of Fionn]; EACHTRA AN AMADÁIN MHÓIR [The Adventure of the Great Fool]; EACHTRA BHODAIGH AN CHÓTA LACHTNA [The Adventure of the Churl in the Grey Coat]; FEIS TIGHE CHONÁIN [The Feast at Conán's House]; FOTHA CATHA CHNUCHA [The Cause of the Battle of Cnucha]; MACGNÍMARTHA...
sword dance Quick reference
A Dictionary of English Folklore
... plays. In some areas the sword dancers accompanied, or were part of, the groups of farmworkers who carried round a plough at Christmas or Plough Monday , collecting money to be used for a feast or dance, or simply for drink for themselves. Terminology is also confusing—the sword dancers could be called morris dancers, plough stots, mummers, and so on. Some sword dance traditions included a dramatic element in their performance, and these are normally counted as one of the three distinct types of mumming play, in which a character is killed by having the...
Miami Reference library
Doug Duda
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)
...Gaines, Steven . Fool's Paradise: Players, Poseurs, and the Culture of Excess in South Beach . New York: Crown Publishers, 2009. Gannon, Michael . Florida, a Short History . Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993. Posner, Gerald . Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power—a Dispatch from the Beach . New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. Rieff, David . Going to Miami: Exiles, Tourists, and Refugees in the New America . Boston: Little, Brown, 1987. Standiford, Les . Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that...
Historical Overview Reference library
Andrew F. Smith, John U. Rees, Rachelle E. Friedman, John U. Rees, Alison Tozzi, Kara Newman, Anne Mendelson, Amy Bentley, Sylvia Lovegren, and Sylvia Lovegren
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)
...then. You are fools to make yourselves slaves to a piece of fat bacon, some hard-tack, and a little sugar and coffee.” Soldiers’ Food. Society's idea of the daily food needed for basic sustenance was reflected in the U.S. Army Civil War ration ( 1861–1864 ): … twelve ounces of pork or bacon, or, one pound and four ounces of salt or fresh beef; one pound and six ounces of soft bread or flour, or, one pound of hard bread, or, one pound and four ounces of corn meal; and to every one hundred rations, fifteen pounds of beans or peas, and ten pounds of rice or...
