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Feast of Fools Reference library
The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.)
... of Fools A medieval festival originally of the sub‐deacons of the cathedral, held about the time of the Feast of the Circumcision (1 January), in which the humbler cathedral officials burlesqued the sacred ceremonies. A lord of the feast was elected, styled bishop, cardinal, abbot, etc., according to the locality. ( See also fool .) The Feast of Fools had its chief vogue in the French cathedrals, but there are a few English records of it, notably in Lincoln Cathedral and Beverley Minster. See E. K. Chambers , The Mediaeval Stage (1903)....
Antiquarianism (Popular) Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
... ( 1732–1802 ). But the most developed and scholarly of the pieces in Archaeologia is ‘Some Remarks on the ancient Ceremony of the Feast of Fools’, read on 10 May 1804 . Douce acknowledges that the ‘Ceremony’ in question has recently been described by Joseph *Strutt , in his Glig-Gamena Angel-Deod, Sports and Pastimes of the People of England ( 1801 ), but he suggests that Strutt was not aware of its ‘precise significance’ as a symptom of a degenerate religion rather than ‘part of the general mass of ancient mummeries’. After medievalism, Douce's second...
fool
fool Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (4 ed.)
... A character in English drama. The fool has a variety of origins, from the medieval court jester to the licensed clown of the Feast of Fools. He has numerous incarnations in Shakespeare: as the simpleton (the clown in The Winter's Tale ), the rogue (Autolycus, also in The Winter's Tale ), and the wise court jester (the Fool in King Lear ), licensed to speak freely, however satirically or disrespectfully. He is also related to the Arlecchino of the commedia dell'arte . In Shakespeare's company the fools' parts were played by William Kemp until his...
fool Reference library
The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.)
... A character appearing in various forms in English drama, most notably in the works of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. The fool has a variety of origins, from the medieval court jester to the licensed clown of the Feast of Fools . He has numerous incarnations in Shakespeare: as the simpleton (the clown in The Winter's Tale ), the rogue (Autolycus, also in The Winter's Tale ), and the wise court jester (the Fool in King Lear ), licensed to speak freely, however satirically or disrespectfully. He is also related to the Arlecchino of the commedia...
Sermon joyeux Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French
...genre, of which about 30 examples survive, in which an actor disguised as a preacher pronounces a short mock‐sermon in a mixture of French and dog Latin. The themes vary from encomia on absurd objects ( Sermon de saint Hareng ) to risqué exempla . Structurally, they make use of the formal conventions of the sermon proper, proceeding from concocted texts in dog Latin or carefully chosen biblical texts, to a burlesque final lesson. Their deliberately irreverent choice of subject has links with the licence of carnival and the Feast of Fools. [ Jane Taylor...
Southerland, Ellease Reference library
Mary Hughes Brookhart
The Oxford Companion to Women's Writing in the United States
... A Feast of Fools (currently in manuscript), are rooted in the experiences of her own remarkable family. She writes about this family in the memoir, “I Got a Horn, You Got a Horn” for Alex Harris's A World Unsuspected: Portraits of Southern Childhood ( 1987 ): “we were in this world [New York], but not of this world.” While Southerland specifically refers to her parents' ties to the black South, her family was “not of this world” in other ways also. Like Kora in Lion , Ellease was the oldest daughter of fifteen children. And although there was plenty of...
Merry Wives of Windsor, The Reference library
The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.)
...Wives of Windsor, The A comedy by Shakespeare , possibly written or adapted for the occasion of George Carey , Lord Hunsdon 's installation as a knight of the Garter at Windsor on 23 April 1597 . Various topical allusions have been discerned in the play, but the tradition that it was written at the request of Elizabeth I for a play showing Falstaff in love is documented no earlier than 1702 (by John Dennis ). The passage alluding to the Garter Feast is found only in the folio text ( 1623 ), which is twice the length of the ‘bad’ quarto (...
Hodgins, Jack (b. 1938) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature (2 ed.)
...is both feast and battle—are presented in a style that moves easily from fable to interior monologue to epic list. In The resurrection of Joseph Bourne Hodgins' contention that the human spirit can ‘invent’ the world is manifested in the surprising changes brought about in Port Annie, an isolated Vancouver Island community, by a tidal wave that bears both a Peruvian ship and an ostensibly magical young woman of quintessential grace and beauty. Consciously defying the tradition of ‘modern novels’ in which ‘believers were always made to look like fools’,...
Pantagruel Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French
...of the tall stories of the Greek writer Lucian, who was fashionable among humanists, and in part also an idiosyncratic development of the comic paradoxes of Erasmus 's celebrated Praise of Folly —Panurge's praise of debts and of the codpiece in the Tiers Livre , as well as the episode featuring the fool Triboullet, belong to this Renaissance tradition. Besides the shifts of tone and subject‐matter from episode to episode, there is a marked difference between the first two books and the later ones. Pantagruel and Gargantua were written at a time of...
Medieval German Literature Reference library
The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation
...i. Early Translations Of the books produced in the eight centuries between the earliest documents and the Reformation, the first to be translated and the most influential in English come from the very end of the period. The Narrenschiff ( 1494 , Ship of Fools) by the Swiss Sebastian Brant was first adapted rather freely (‘some tyme addynge some tyme detractynge’) by Alexander Barclay in 1508 from the Latin of Jacob Locher . Although Barclay claimed to have used the German, it is doubtful whether he knew any. Both the story-cycle of Till Eulenspiegel ...
Shakespeare in New Zealand Reference library
Mark Houlahan
The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature
... Under the Shadow of Dread ( 1908 ) which ‘shakespearises’ King Alfred's combat against Danish invaders. Mansfield was herself a vivid Shakespearean critic, especially fond of the sheep-shearing feast in The Winter's Tale (4.2); Twelfth Night ; and the ‘dream islands’ of The Tempest , in which she imagined herself and Middleton Murry as Miranda and Ferdinand . Hotspur's line, ‘But I tell you, my lord fool, out of this nettle danger, we pluck this flower, safety’, became a motto of her later years, used in the title of ‘This Flower’, proposed as...
Hemingway, Ernest Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature
...loved anyone but her.” Hemingway wrote movingly of the pleasure and pain of these days in the final chapter of A Moveable Feast : an unmarried young woman becomes the temporary best friend of another young woman who is married, goes to live with the husband and wife and then knowingly, innocently and unrelentingly sets out to marry the husband. When the husband is a writer and doing difficult work so that he is occupied much of the time and is not a good companion or partner to his wife for a big part of the day, the arrangement has advantages until you...
Hebrew Reference library
The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation
...G. , Pesikta Rabbati: Discourses for Feasts, Fasts and Special Sabbaths , New Haven, Conn./London, 1968 · Braude, William G. , and Kapstein, Israel , Pesikta de-Rab Kahana: R. Kahana' Compilation of Discourses for Sabbaths and Festal Days , Philadelphia/London, 1975 · Braude, William G. , and Kapstein, Israel , Tanna debe Eliyyahu: The Lore of the School of Elijah , Philadelphia, 1981 · Freedman, H. , and Simon, M. , eds., Midrash Rabba , 10 vols., London, 1939. Medieval Poetry Cole, Peter , Selected Poems of Shmuel HaNagid , Princeton, NJ, 1996 ·...
Children's Literature Reference library
Michael Rosen
The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.)
...casting boys as adventurers. Scrutiny of the literature also showed a middle-class bias in children's literature, expressed in the kinds of schools, homes, and spending habits of its protagonists. The corollary to this, it was claimed, was that working-class characters were again and again cast as a mix of fools, victims, servants, or criminals. On the race front, there was an outpouring of books, comics, and boys' magazines between 1880 and 1914 which represented almost anyone in the human race other than people of northern European origin in the same way...
Millay, Edna St. Vincent Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature
...dozens of willing supplicants to her charms—her ability to make both men and women fall in love with her was legendary—she was, subverting the biblical reference from Matthew about the fool who built his house upon the sand, building her “shining palace” there instead. She was one of those rare women who possess a curious ability to turn many men into doting puppies, and she made the most of it. She would be ruthless as a man, the poems in her second book suggested. On 31 May 1920 , she informed the hapless John Peale Bishop , a poet and editor of ...
Autobiography: General Essay Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature
...to catch a glimpse of who he might really be. American autobiography in the twenty-first century, then, records the rupture of both national and self-identity. Certainty about the world has given way to confusion—even one's senses can no longer be trusted to provide accurate information. We can be fooled, and we are fooled all the time—we live in the era of virtual reality and this lends our lives a surreal quality. Contemporary American memoirists are simply encoding these doubts about the nature of the reality and the instability of identity. No one can...
Kennedy, Margaret Moore Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English
...in London, educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College and Somerville College, Oxford. Her first novel, The Ladies of Lyndon ( 1923 ), was followed by a popular success, The Constant Nymph ( 1924 ), about a gifted musician and the fate of his talented, unruly children; it was adapted for the theatre, and followed by a sequel, The Fool of the Family ( 1930 ). Other novels include The Midas Touch ( 1938 ); The Feast ( 1950 ), a modern version of the Seven Deadly Sins; Lucy Carmichael ( 1951 ), set in a provincial university; and Troy Chimneys ( 1953 ),...
Assonance Reference library
P. G. Adams and S. Cushman
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics (4 ed.)
...sounds different from that of later times. Furthermore, a number of vowels continued to change pronunciation after Shakespeare’s day; by the 18th c., Eng. poets were still naturally rhyming Devil-civil , stem-stream , pull-dull-fool , feast-rest , tea-obey , and join-fine (Hanson). Ger. poets seem to have found assonance even more appealing than alliteration, from Clemens Brentano , who has whole poems with a polysyllabic assonance in nearly every line, to J. W. Goethe , Heinrich Heine , and mod. poets. Goethe, in his lyrics and plays, has more...
Comedy Reference library
Yi-Hsin Hsu
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory
...sections of the society. In these three plays, gynecocracy subverts gender stereotypes, criticizes contemporary politics, and voices a suppressed outcry for peace, heterogeneity, and equality. The subversive potential of comedy is particularly foregrounded when explored in the context of the Feast of Fools and Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of carnival and the carnivalesque. In Rabelais and His World , Bakhtin traces the origin of the carnivalesque to the miracle and morality plays of the Middle Ages. 51 The medieval Feast of Fools is an annual “vent” for the...
