Counter-Reformation
A revival in the Roman Catholic Church between the mid-16th and mid-17th centuries. It had its origins in reform movements which were independent of the Protestant Reformation, but it increasingly ...
Reformation and Counter-Reformation
The religious changes which took place across early modern Europe, bringing about Protestantism and reviving the Catholic Church, had a wide-ranging impact on theatre and performance, as well as on ...
Martin Del Rio
(1551–1608), Spanish Jesuit theologian.He contributed significantly to Dutch humanism, served and chronicled the beleaguered Spanish regime in the Low Countries, and composed the most authoritative ...
Laurentius Norvegus
(Nor., Laurits Nielssen; 1538–1622), Norwegian Jesuit.Norvegus played a leading role in the Counter-Reformation in northern Europe for over fifty years. Born in Tønsberg in southeastern Norway, he ...
Antoon Triest
(1577–1657), reforming Catholic bishop of the Spanish Netherlands.Born of a noble family in Flanders, Triest won a reputation as a model Counter-Reformation bishop through his leadership of the ...
Agostino Steuco
(1497–1548), Italian humanist, Old Testament scholar, Neoplatonist, and Counter-Reformation polemicist.Born in the Umbrian town of Gubbio, Steuco joined at the age of sixteen the Augustinian Canons ...
Péter Pázmány
(1570–1637), archbishop of Esztergom (1616–1637) and cardinal, leader of the Counter-Reformation in Hungary.Although Pázmány came from a Calvinist noble family, he became the leading Catholic prelate ...
Giasone De Nores
(?1530–90)took part in a dispute with Battista Guarini over the Pastor fido. Influenced by the Counter-Reformation, he objected in particular to Guarini's mixing of tragic and comic genres. He ...
François Garasse
(1585–1631).A Jesuit who was in the forefront of the Counter‐Reformation reaction to sceptics, occult writers, and libertins. His Doctrine curieuse des beaux‐esprits de ce temps (1623) and his Somme ...
Ingolstadt
Founded in 1472, the University of Ingolstadt took pride in the fact that it was the heart of the Counter-Reformation. The humanist movement at the university was connected with the ...
Hugh Trevor-Roper
(1914–2003) British historianArchbishop Laud (1940) Non-FictionThe Last Days of Hitler (1947) Non-FictionHitler's Table Talk (1953) Non-FictionHistorical Essays (1957) Non-FictionHitler's War ...
Spanish Inquisition
A council authorized by Pope Sixtus IV in 1478 and organized under the Catholic monarchs Ferdinand II and Isabella I of Spain to combat heresy. Its main targets were converted Jews and Muslims, but ...
Jean de La Ceppède
(c. 1548–1623).Magistrate and religious poet. As a conseiller in the Parlement of Aix‐en‐Provence, then president of the Chambre des Comptes, La Ceppède—like Chassignet, Sponde, and Vauquelin de la ...
Paolo Giustinian
(1476–1529).Humanist with close links to the papal court. Together with Piero Quirini, he wrote a work on the reform of Church which was presented to Pope Leo X at ...
madrigale spirituale
(It.).A setting of an Italian sacred text, not intended for liturgical use but for private devotion. They became fashionable during the Counter-Reformation and were considered especially suitable for ...
devotional revolution
Term coined in 1972 by the American historian Emmet Larkin to describe what he saw as a sudden and dramatic transformation of popular religious practice in Ireland in the period ...
Anne Des Marquets
(d. 1588).A Dominican nun best known for her Sonnets, prières et devises en forme de Pasquins (1562), which were inspired by the Colloque de Poissy, and for her translations ...
Albertinus Ägidius
(c.1560–1620),Dutch Counter-Reformation polemicist in Germany, born in Deventer. He left the Netherlands as a religious refugee and seems to have travelled in Spain and Austria before entering the ...
Renaissance rhetoric
[This entry comprises four articles.An overviewRederijkersRhetoric in Renaissance language and literatureRhetoric in the age of Reformation and Counter-ReformationThe first article outlines the ...
Observant movement
The Observant reform emerged among the mendicant friars in Gaelic areas between 1390 and 1433. It stressed strict observance of the rules and constitutions of the various orders and was ...
