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Epizootic Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Epizootic An outbreak (epidemic) of disease in an animal population; often with the implication that it may also affect human populations. 20 , 21 , 22 , 188 ...
Carrier, Chronic Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Carrier, Chronic An individual remaining in a carrier state for a long period of time after convalescence. 20 , 21 , 22 , 56 , 188 ...
veterinary epidemiology Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...veterinary epidemiology (Syn: epizoology, epizootiology ) The study and control of disease occurrence in animal populations. 20 , 21 , 22 ...
Zoonosis Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Zoonosis A Disease , infection, or Infestation transmitted under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans. Examples include rabies and plague. May be enzootic or epizootic. 20 , 21 , 22 ...
Accessory Reservoir Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Accessory Reservoir A reservoir that contributes to the maintenance of a pathogen in nature but is not the primary reservoir for such agent. 20 , 21 , 22 See also reservoir of infection . ...
Mechanical Transmission Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Mechanical Transmission Transmission of pathogens by a vector (e.g., a housefly) without biological development in or dependence on the vector. Many fecal-oral infections are spread by this means. 20 , 22 , 56 , 188 , 217 , 218 , 219 See also vector-borne infection . ...
Non-Communicable Disease Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Non-Communicable Disease (Syn: non-transmissible disease ) A disease for which evidence is lacking that transmission from individual to individual is possible by Contagion , a Vector , biological Heredity or Inheritance . 20 , 22 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 169 , 633 , 634 ...
Chain of Infection Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Chain of Infection (Syn: infectious disease cycle, chain of transmission ) A set of parameters involved in the transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., the source of infection, the vectors, a susceptible host). 20 , 56 , 217 , 218 , 219 ...
Vertical Transmission Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Vertical Transmission (Syn: intergenerational transmission ) The Transmission Of Infection from one generation to the next, especially of HIV infection from mother to infant prenatally, during delivery, or in the postnatal period via breast milk. 20 , 22 , 56 , 188 , 217 , 218 , 219 ...
Contact, Indirect Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Contact, Indirect A mode of Transmission Of Infection involving Fomites or Vectors . Vectors may be mechanical (e.g., filth flies) or biological (when the disease agent undergoes part of its life cycle in the vector species). 20 , 22 , 56 , 69 , 188 , 217 , 218 , 219 ...
lung cancer Quick reference
A Dictionary of Public Health (2 ed.)
...lung cancer During the second half of the 20th century , this was the most common killing cancer among men in many Western industrial nations (United States, United Kingdom, Europe), and in the last two decades of the 20th century it achieved this unwelcome status also among women, during a period in which the lung cancer death rate had begun to decline among men. These rates and trends reflect the influence of the principal risk factor: cigarette smoking. ...
arsenic Quick reference
A Dictionary of Public Health (2 ed.)
...arsenic ( As ) Metalloid element used in alloys and in chemical compounds to make pigments and (formerly) medicinal compounds, including Paul Ehrlich's magic bullet used in the early 20th century to treat syphilis. It is both an acute and a chronic poison, with very high toxicity; it has been favored by some notorious criminal poisoners and writers of detective fiction. ...
labor room Quick reference
A Dictionary of Public Health (2 ed.)
...labor room ( labor ward , labor ward ) The section of a hospital where women are supervised during labor and delivery of their infants. In the past, labor rooms were dangerous places because of the risks of puerperal sepsis . In the late 20th century , labor rooms began to be superseded by birthing centers . ...
lifetime risk Quick reference
A Dictionary of Public Health (2 ed.)
...lifetime risk The probability, often expressed as a percentage, that at some stage in life a person will develop a designated condition, specifically cancer. There is a lifetime risk of about 25% of getting cancer and a lifetime risk of about 20% of dying of cancer in upper-income countries. Data are rarely available to compute comparable lifetime risks for populations in developing countries. ...
Model Life Table Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Table Simulated life table constructed for a country, used mainly when vital statistics are deficient. The model may be based on averaging of empirical data or on more sophisticated methods. The Coale-Demeny method is a range of models for life expectancies ranging from 20 to 80+ years with four variations of mortality patterns. ...
Fetal Death Certificate Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...) A vital record registering a fetal death, or Stillbirth . Some health jurisdictions require the use of a fetal death certificate for all products of conception, whereas others require its use only in cases in which gestation has reached a particular duration, usually the 20th or the 28th week. ...
Inapparent Infection Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...infection ) The presence of infection in a host without occurrence of recognizable clinical signs or symptoms. Of epidemiologic significance because hosts so infected, although apparently well, may serve as silent or inapparent disseminators of the infectious agent. 20 , 22 , 56 , 69 , 188 , 217 , 218 , 219 See also disease, preclinical ; disease, subclinical ; vector-borne infection . ...
Source of Infection Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
... The person, animal, object, or substance from which an infectious agent passes to a host. Source of infection should be clearly distinguished from source of Contamination , such as overflow of a septic tank contaminating a water supply or an infected cook contaminating a salad. 20 , 21 , 22 , 56 , 188 , 196 , 217 , 218 , 219 See also reservoir of infection . ...
Tuberculosis Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Tuberculosis A chronic disease since Neolithic times, afflicting an estimated 0.17% of the world’s population (12 million prevalent cases). Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . 780 It continues to present an epidemiological challenge. 20 , 22 , 56 , 69 , 188 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 781 , 782 See also henle-koch postulates . ...
Contagious Disease Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...Contagious Disease (From Latin contagium , contact). A disease transmitted by direct or indirect contact with a host that is the source of the pathogenic agent. The same disease can be contagious in some species and not in others. 20 , 21 , 22 , 56 , 69 , 188 , 217 , 218 , 219 See also Communicable Disease . ...
