This word has several meanings: 1. The process of creating; 2. All the offspring born to pairs of parents in a specified period, thus loosely speaking, a cohort; 3. The average time that elapses ...
A broad category of illnesses and health conditions associated with being female. The rise of the feminist movement in the second half of the 20th century gave a boost to assertive approaches, ...
Tobacco smoke contains a large variety of toxic substances including several known carcinogens, respiratory irritants, cardiovascular toxins. Two varieties of tobacco smoke are mainstream smoke, ...
The group with which study subjects are compared, a control group. A vague term that is preferably avoided.
A variety of alternative or fringe medical practice that originated in the late 20th century, based on belief in multiple chemical sensitivities as the underlying cause of several intractable ...
As used by early 20th century epidemiologists, this term meant the observation of how infections spread in populations of experimental animals such as rats or guinea pigs. In the 1970s, the term was ...
An obsolete (and derogatory) term for mental retardation, the condition now often described as “intellectually challenged” or “intellectually impaired.”
The usual form of vertical transmission of pathogenic agents, e.g., hepatitis B and HIV, from mother to infant.
A genetic trait that is expressed as the phenotype in an offspring only when present in both parents.
Surveillance based on enumeration of clusters of symptoms rather than on diagnosed cases of the disease under surveillance.
Substances smaller than about 20 microns that remain in the atmosphere for extended periods because their small mass is not immediately influenced by the force of gravity. Particulate matter smaller ...
Syn: intraobserver error. Differing readings of the same phenomenon by the same observer on second or other subsequent review. With chest x-rays, the same observer reports different findings on ...
An insecticide used as a substitute for DDT, less toxic, with a shorter half-life and therefore a useful alternative.
Syn: labor ward. The section of a hospital where women are supervised during labor and delivery of their infants. In the past, labor rooms were dangerous places because of the risks of puerperal ...
(ICP)The official classification of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, now called International Classification of Health Interventions.
Electromagnetic radiation on wavelengths used for radio transmission, as in cell phones, is believed not to have harmful biological effects. The possibility that this form of radiation may cause ...
A device or air flow that can divert the flow of gases in a controlled solid waste site.
A sociological term for the population(s) not included in decision-making processes. Contrast ingroup, those who participate in decision making.
A person who is professionally trained and licensed to prevent and treat diseases of the teeth, gums, and adjacent tissues, notably dental caries, malocclusion, periodontal disease, gingivitis, oral ...
During the second half of the 20th century, this was the most common killing cancer among men in many Western industrial nations (United States, United Kingdom, Europe), and in the last 2 decades of ...