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Pervez Musharraf
(1943– )Pakistani general and statesman; President (2001–8). Musharraf was born in Delhi, but his family moved to Pakistan after the partition of India (1947). Joining the army in 1964, he rose to ...

Northern Alliance
A loose alliance of primarily Pashtun Islamic groups which took control of Kabul in 1992. It disintegrated in 1993, but the alliance was reformed in 1996 as its leaders retreated from the Taliban ...

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
(SBY)(b. 9 Sept 1949),President of Indonesia, 2004– Born in Pacitan, East Java, he graduated from the Military Academy in 1973, and rose quickly through the army ranks to become general. Popularly ...

Cayman Islands
A Caribbean island group south of Cuba, which came under British sovereignty in 1670. Administered from Jamaica, it joined the Federation of the West Indies in 1959, and upon its breakup became a ...

Binyamin Netanyahu
(1949– )Israeli diplomat and politician, prime minister of Israel (1996–99).Born in Tel Aviv, Netanyahu was largely brought up and educated in the USA, acquiring a command of English and a deep ...

Good Friday Agreement
(10 April 1998)An agreement on Northern Ireland which proved the centrepiece of a fragile and often interrupted peace process begun under John Major in 1993. It prescribed a complex system of ...

Socialist Workers' Party of Spain
(Partido Social Obrero Español, PSOE)Early history (up to 1960s)Established on 2 May 1879, it experienced slow growth in a country that was still barely industrialized and urbanized. Where there was ...

Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
(1934– )Iranian statesman who became president of Iran (1989–97) on the death of Ayatollah Khomeini.Rafsanjani was born near Kerman, the son of a pistachio-nut-farming family of moderate wealth. From ...
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